... techniques, 323 – 325 recursion, 325 typing, 323 , 326 types of, 323 Procedural-oriented design: defined, 23 7 23 8using finite state machines 24 6 24 7Parnas partitioning, 23 8 23 9structured design (SD), 23 7, 23 9 24 5Process-block ... 324 call-by-value, 324 Cardelli’s metrics and, 329 characteristics of, generally, 55, 23 5dynamic memory allocation, 323 , 325 – 326 exception handling, 323 , 327 – 328 global variables, 325 modularity, 323 , 328 – 329 object-oriented ... analysis (SA):defined, 24 0problems in real-time applications, 24 4 24 5 real-time extensions of, 24 5structured design, transition to, 24 0 24 2Structured analysis and design (SASD),178–180, 24 4 24 5,...