Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Quantitative acid–base physiology using the Stewart model" doc

... across the wholeorganism [17]. Stewart theory and mechanismFinally, the Stewart model is taken by some to be amechanistic description of acid–base chemistry in whichchanges only occur by alteration ... seen whether the renovation of acid–base assessment afforded by the Stewart approach constitutes a radical new architecture forunderstanding acid–base physiology, or whether it is simply anew ... variousspecies. The z–ncan be expressed as functions of pH andReviewScience review: Quantitative acid–base physiology using the Stewart modelE Wrenn WootenAttending Physician, Radiology Associates,...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Role of coagulation protease cascades in sepsis" ppt

... constitutivelyby extravascular cells (pericytes, cardiomyocytes, smoothmuscle cells, keratinocytes) and by vascular monocytes andendothelial cells upon induction by inflammatory cytokines orendotoxin ... analyzed the specificity of PAR cleavage by coagulation complexes inoverexpression systems, as well as in primary endothelialcells. Free Xa inefficiently cleaves PARs [19,22]. However, in the ... assembledon the surface of cells (Fig. 1) [1,2]. Typically, these com-plexes consist of a cofactor/receptor, an enzyme, and a sub-strate moiety. The coagulation cascade is initiated by the cell...

Báo cáo y học: " Science review: Key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness – the central role of the Toll-like receptors" ppsx

... circulatory system, exitingonly when they are summoned by signals that emanate from the extravascular compartment. Other cells of the innateimmune system, including the macrophage and the dendriticcell, ... septic shock. In part, they do so bytriggering the release of many secondary cytokines, includ-ing IL-6, and numerous chemokines, which may further con-tribute to the septic syndrome.It should ... dramatically different from mammals interms of gross anatomy and physiology, similarities at the cel-lular level are compelling. Lacking an adaptive immunesystem altogether, they do possess...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Mechanisms of ventilator-induced injury" pps

... partial pressure for oxygen to the fraction of oxygen in the inspired air.240lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl ... in the lung results in the releaseof these mediators into the systemic circulation where they may play arole in end organ dysfunction. Mechanical strain also reduces the active sodium transport-dependent ... lunginjury patients reduces mortality, but smaller incrementalreductions in tidal volume may not. Furthermore, in the AcuteRespiratory Distress Syndrome Network study, the mortalitybenefit...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Redox and oxygen-sensitive transcription factors in the regulation of oxidant-mediated lung injury: κ role for nuclear factor-κ" pdf

... purulent airway secretions thatare difficult to clear, even with physiotherapy. In the search fora potential treatment, Ghio et al. tested tyloxapol, an alkylarylpolyether alcohol polymer detergent, ... activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are keycomponents of the pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB, whose binding activity is obliterated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ... however, they may also be damag-ing signals. In this respect, lung oxygen toxicity has beenextensively studied over the past few decades. Particularly,oxygen-induced lung lesions are, by nature,...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Redox and oxygen-sensitive transcription factors in the regulation of oxidant-mediated lung injury: α role for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α" pptx

... γγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, augments LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis: evidencefor the implication of an IκκB-αα/NF-κκB insensitive pathway. EurCytokine Netw ... of the hallmarks of the processes that regulate gene transcription in physiology andpathophysiology. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species serve as signalingmessengers for the ... normal kidneys [48]. In otherorgans, VEGF gene expression is induced by hypoxia and bycytokines. To identify the cellular mechanisms in control oftubular VEGF production, the effects of hypoxia...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Cell membrane expression (connectivity) regulates neutrophil delivery, function and clearance" docx

... that exhibit specificity for both the type of leukocyteon which they are expressed and the ligand to which theybind. The specificity of chemoattractant-induced leukocytechemotaxis is related ... faster than the larger leukocytes, especially in the centerof the vessel, pushing leukocytes to the vessel periphery [12].Physical forces involved in the erythrocyte–leukocyte interac-tions govern ... self-renew-ing myeloid stem cells; the myeloblast differentiates into the promyloblast, and then into the myelocyte. These cells differ-entiate into metamyelocytes as well as segmented band neu-trophils,...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Apoptosis in acute lung injury" potx

... main hypotheses that link apoptosis with the pathogenesisof acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been pos-tulated, namely the ‘neutrophilic hypothesis’ and the ‘epithelialhypothesis’. ... release ofcytokines by macrophages The third mechanism whereby apoptosis of neutrophils canmodify the inflammatory response is by modulating the pro-duction of proinflammatory cytokines by alveolar ... inflammation. The second hypothesis, the ‘epithelial hypothesis’, suggests thatepithelial injury in acute lung injury is associated with apoptotic death of alveolar epithelial cellstriggered by soluble...

Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Genetic variability in the systemic inflammatory response" pdf

... diseases, and the study conducted by Marshall and col-leagues [57] suggests that the renin–angiotensin system mayplay a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS.An entirely different set of polymorphisms ... inflammatory response is dictated by avariety of factors, including the pathogenicity and duration of the stimulus, and the balance between the proinflammatoryand anti-inflammatory response. ... after the onset of the inflammatory insult may tell us little about the amount of IL-6produced in the early critical phases of the inflammatoryresponse. Much greater research into genotype–phenotyperelationships...

Báo cáo y học: "Science Review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1 – receptor physiology" doc

... G-proteins of the Gq/11 family. The α-subunits regulate the activ-ity of the β-isoforms of phospholipase C [29]. A variety ofsignaling pathways is associated with the V1R, and thesepathways include ... probably related to a polymorphism of the plateletV1R [49].V1Rs are found in the kidney, where they occur in high densityon medullary interstitial cells, vasa recta, and epithelial cells of the ... receptor subtypes based on the use ofspecific receptor inhibitors. The V2receptor The V2 R differs from the V1R primarily in the number of sitessusceptible to N-linked glycosylation; the V1R...

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