... after
whiplash injury: a 2-year follow-up considering features of injury mech-
anism and somatic, radiologic, and psychosocial findings. Medicine.
19 95; 74 (5) :281–97.
1. Disorders of the Back and Neck 33
discomfort ... per 1000 pop-
ulation.
82
Symptoms in cervical whiplash injuries are due to soft tissue
trauma, particularly musculoligamentous sprains and strains to the cer-
vic...
... DVT,
37
and determining intra-
compartment pressures can aid in ruling out compartment syndrome.
Treatment consists of partial weight-bearing, if pain free, and RICE.
Later, increased stretching and ... TR, Horn PC. Ulnar-sided wrist pain in athlet-
ics. Clin Sports Med. 1998;17 :56 7–83.
23. Rettig AC. Elbow, forearm and wrist injuries in the athlete. Sports Med.
1998; 25: 1 15 30....
... nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors, top-
ical analgesics, and intra-articular steroids.
14, 15
Acetaminophen is
advocated for use as first-line therapy ... physician and physical therapy
visits, disability-related work absences, and absences related to sur-
gery. The pain and functional disability associated with OA can con-
tr...
... patients
include anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-DNA-histone complex, anti-
Sm (Smith antigen), and anti-Ro (Robert antigen). Antibodies to
dsDNA and Sm antigen are specific for SLE and have been associated
with ... joints of the hands and feet.
Enthesopathy is also common and can be demonstrated radiographi-
cally. Uveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation and often pre-
c...
... juvenile kypho-
sis. Thoracic Scheuermann’s disease has an apex of the curve at T7–9,
7. Musculoskeletal Problems of Children 1 75
OBSERVATION
COBB ANGLE
0 - 25 25 - 45 > 45
BRACE SPINAL ... as serum and urine levels of C- and N-telopeptide, and
indices of bone formation such as osteocalcin and bone-specific alka-
line phosphatase. These markers of bone turnover may b...
... Athletic Injuries 2 15
physician should then perform a focused musculoskeletal and neu-
rovascular exam.
Ankle Injuries
Ankle injuries are ubiquitous and constitute the most common acute
musculoskeletal ... 1992;20:
55 –66.
13. Hergengroeder AC. Acute shoulder, knee and ankle injuries. Part 1: diagnosis
and management. Adolesc Health Update 1996;8(2):1–8.
14. Blake R, H...
... drowning is more
common than toxic ingestions and firearm injuries. Boys and young
men between the ages of 15 and 24 and the elderly over age 75, espe-
cially if unable to swim, are also at risk ... if pools and hot tubs are surrounded by a fence of at least
55 inches in height with locked or self-closing, self-latching gates,
if pool safety covers are in place, and if house do...