... 6
1. 1.4 The History of Covalent Structures 9
1. 1.5 The History of Natural Polymers 9
1. 1.6 The History of Synthetic Polymers 11
1. 2 Nomenclature
1. 2 .1 Source- and Structure-based Names 13
1. 2.2 ... VIII
Acknowledgments VIII
1 Atoms, Small, and Large Molecules
1. 1 Microscopic Description of Matter and History of Polymer Science
1. 1 .1 History 1
1 .1. 2 Molecu...
... energy of defect formation as 44 kJ mol
1
.
2 Basics of Thermal Analysis
__________________________________________________________________
74
1
Sadi Carnot, 18 24, lived 17 96 18 32, French army officer ... values of
5
k
should be compared to the CC
bond length of 0 .15 4 nm.
1. 3 .10 Stiff Chain Macromolecules
Four types of macromolecules of largely different Kuhn le...
... distribution at about 2 10
13
Hz is
responsible for the leveling of C
p
between 200 and 250 K, and the value of C
p
accounts for two degrees of freedom, i.e., is about 16 17 J K
1
mol
1
or 2 R.
2.3 Heat ... entropies of transition, when
added, give a similar value (9.6 J K
1
mol
1
) as the entropy of fusion of polyethylene
(9.9 J K
1
mol
1
). The high temperature o...
... (19 15) J Am Chem Soc 37: 970 (11 3 J K
1
mol
1
at concentrations of 0.005 mol L
1
). For an early description and classification of
conformational defects in crystals, see Wunderlich B (19 80) ... Thermodynamic Description of the Defect Solid State of Linear
High Polymers. Polymer 5: 12 5 13 4; The Melting of Defect Polymer Crystals. Ibid 5:
611 –624.
25. Ehrenfest P...
... Eq. (1) .
Figure 4.95 illustrates the evaluation of the constant
- as the slope of a plot of the
square of the reciprocal of the uncorrected specific heat capacity as a function of the
square of ... different value of
Online elimination of the
effects of asymmetry and different pan mass, as described in Appendix 11 , should
improve the ease of measurement. This method...
... average
S
i
of only 2.3 1. 5 J K
1
mol
1
and 18 8 smectic mesophases, of 11 .7±7.8 J K
1
mol
1
, less than the positional
disordering of a single atom of Sect. 5.4. Polymeric liquid crystals do not ... 5 .11 8 and 5 .11 9, while condis crystals have the highest entropy of isotropization.
Figure 2 .10 3 indicates a value of n
1 S
c
for polymers, and n1S
c
+ S
o
+ S...