a history of money from ad 800 phần 5 docx
a history of money from ad 800 phần 5 docx
... money was used, but still as a convenient means of money transmission, rather than a major component of money supply. Theperiod was also a great age of European music and drama and (more relevant) of ... who, starting with the simple concept of a trade fair as a meetingplace, developed what was virtually a separate political and legal system. Theynegotiated rights of trade, passage and protection ... end of the Seven YearsWar, (1 756 –63) the raising of Prussian loans for post-war reconstruction and a financial crash in Amsterdam. In England, according to Clapham, there hadbeen ‘no acute banking...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 2 docx
... were a few travelling merchants, and a small part of the population livedin towns, but the real growth revival of international trade had hardly begun. Money had a relatively minor role, and had ... another of theperiodical adjustments needed to take account of normal wear and tear on theactual circulating coins and of changes in the relative prices of gold and silver.Wear and tear has ... Clipping was rife (many accused of clipping were hanged) and in anycase many of the coins in circulation were old and had suffered badly from fairwear and tear. The periodical recoinage to take account...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 3 docx
... European traders discovered that the ratio in Japan was 4 to1. Great profits were made—for a short time…At the time of the treaty of 1 858 between Great Britain, the United States and Japan a very ... Money which has alreadylost at least 2 /5 parts of its Intrinsick value by Clipping and Adulteration.(Li 1963:218)Newton (1696) also made a point about the gold/silver ratio. A HISTORY OF MONEY ... coinage’ (Barbour 18 85: 14) leading to theformation of the Latin Monetary Union. The four participating countries,France Italy Switzerland and Belgium already had a bimetallic coinage basedon...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 7 docx
... £200,000. From that day we had a market of comparative ease.(Evans 1848:87)The Bank did in fact make substantial advances at 8 or 9 per cent but therewas (as promised) little actual demand for notes. ... 1991 :50 ) and most collapsed after court challenges, some orchestratedby the Second Bank.In the South (mainly North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, but alsoperhaps Virginia and Alabama) banks ... beforethe National Land Bank legislation of 1696. Money and Trade ConsideredThe above apart, John Law’s first pamphlet Proposals and Reasons forConstituting a Council of Trade was published...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 1 pptx
... clear, from even a cursory reading of the sources, that many of the problems and events weshall discuss had their parallels in earlier centuries. I can offer only a tantalising glance at a few ... banking, and explain what can seem to Europeans theparochialism and backwardness of American retail banking.4 A HISTORY OF MONEY system. Later, though, it was England alone who preserved the Carolingiansystem ... States, Canada,Europe, Australasia and the Far East. He is currently on the editorial board of Treasury Today published by the Institute of Chartered Accountants. florin! (Cipolla 1967:38 51 ; Braudel...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 4 potx
... the market price of the day’. This he regards as a modification of A HISTORY OF MONEY 1 05 The system was in any case probably doomed to eventual failure. It hadsurvived fairly substantial (but ... 214 Caracalla replaced it as the standard coin by a double denariusintrinsically worth about one and a half of the current pieces.He says that the Emperor Gallienius ( 253 –68)abandoned all restraint ... not having legal tender status, couldcirculate in accordance with their actual bullion value. The Act of 1 853 was a practical abandonment of the double standard in the United States. There wasvirtually...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 6 ppsx
... of barter. Although the Bank of England blamed the country banks forthe crisis, and vice versa, there was no Parliamentary enquiry as it was fairlyclear already what had happened. As William ... fate was that of nearly all who have dealt in innovative fashion with money (Galbraith 19 75: 82). This is hardly fair. Biddle was a conservative andcompetent banker. Maybe he was a megalomaniac, ... situation was partly saved when a famous ‘box of £1 notes’ wasdiscovered locked away.Clapham says that many of the Bank’s advances were not actually on goodsbut on personal security and that...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 8 pptx
... distinguishingbetween an advance of capital to merchants as an additional supply of currency to the general mass of circulating medium’ (page 50 ). The concept…that while the Bank is restrained from paying in ... countenance the introduction of a paper money or a national bank, either of which can only produce a great evil and of which the memories alone are capable of frightening us because of theabuse and ... records availableshow that, as a banker, he was capable of handling large transactions. Heappears to have operated successfully in accordance with the sound principleshe was later to write about....
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 9 pps
... 1891and replaced by the Banco de la Nacion Argentina.BrazilThe situation was broadly similar to that in Argentina. Notes of the Bank of Brazil date from 1808. Gold and silver had disappeared, ... secret at Jekyll Island and drafted a Banking Bill, ‘the Aldrich plan’ (Congress was not told that Wall Streetbankers had had any part in drafting it). This would have created a NationalReserve Association ... were a part. Theyhad read about the great panics of the nineteenth century…andshuddered to think of what would happen in the event of a greatEuropean war. They shook their heads at the smallness...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 10 ppt
... system:and trade fairs 123 5, 1 25; see also Acts of ParliamentLegal Tender Acts (US, 1862–63) 2 45 50 , 252 Legal Tender Law (Argentina, 1863) 258 legislation see Acts of ParliamentLemonius, Augustus ... 138–1Asquith, Herbert H., Earl of Oxford 264assayed value of coinage 10, 11Assignation Banks (Russia) 255 Assignats (France) 220–8;failures of 2 25 9;value of 228Astor, John Jacob 160Athens ... 249–3National Emission Caisse (Russia) 267National Land Bank (England) 201 5 National Monetary Commission (US) 100,1 85, 262, 263;on inconvertible paper money 255 , 256 , 257 National Provincial (later...
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