... mechanisms—exceptions andassertions—that can be used to validate beliefs at specific points in a program.Including extra statements in your program to validate assumptions may appear to be a lot of effort, ... elements away from ptr1). Pointer mathonly makes sense in the context of an array.C-Strings: C-strings are just pointers to an array of characters. The string end iscalculated by starting at item ... item in the array hasthe value ‘\0’) and a null string (the pointer has the value NULL, or (char *) 0). A NULL pointer by our definition doesn’t point at any data.Pointers | 41 1Methods to Read,...