... the Netherlands) operating at 200 keV.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by grants from NationalScience Council, Republic of China: NSC 96-26 27- M-0 07- 003 and NSC 97- 26 27- M-0 07- 003 to R. ... nm and 26.3 ± 4 .7 nm, whereasthose of the luminal protrusions were 1.2 ± 0.1 nm and 21 .7 ± 3.6 nm,respectively. Moreover, both C-termini of dimeric subunits of V-PPase areon the same side of ... transport of ions, metabolites, and toxic substances [1–3]. ThecDNAs of V-PPase have been cloned from severalhigher plants, some protozoa, and several species of eubacteria and archeubacteria, and...