... distributed systems and applications are built directly on top of the sim-
ple message-oriented model offered by the transport layer. To better understand
and appreciate the message-oriented systems ... written in Java and
a server in C, or vice versa. A client and server can run on different hardware plat-
forms and use different operating systems. A yariety of network proto...
... of FIFO and totally-ordered multicast,
processes P
2
and P
3
in Fig. 8-15 may both first deliver message
m-;
and then mes-
sage mI.' However, if P
2
delivers ml before m3, while P
3
delivers ... mentioned protocols, are common to many distributed systems,
and are discussed extensively in this chapter. The main difficulty in designing
secure distributed systems is not s...
... one for handling interaction with the user and
SEC. 2.2
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES
53
Collaborative Distributed Systems
Hybrid structures are notably deployed in collaborative distributed systems.
The ... requests, and hands off such connec-
tions to one of the servers (Hunt et al, 1997; and Pai et al., 1998). The principle
working of what is commonly known as TCP handoff is shown i...
... prefix 2
n 30 : a node whose identifier has prefix 30
n
31 :
a node whose identifier has prefix 31
n
33 :
a node whose identifier has prefix 33
n 32 0: a node whose identifier has prefix320
n 32 2: a ... defined the second to be the time it
takes the cesium 133 atom to make exactly 9,192, 631 ,770 transitions. The choice
of 9,192, 631 ,770 was made to make the atomic second equ...
... m
=
8 and
k
=
3.
When looking up the node responsible for a specific key
p,
we can first decide to
route the lookup request to the node responsible for the pattern
p
AND 11100000
31 4
CONSISTENCY AND ... the issue of how
processes in distributed systems synchronize. Synchronization is all about doing
the right thing at the right time. A problem in distributed systems, and co...
... the capability), and then runs the result through a one-way function.
444
DISTRIBUTED OBJECT-BASED SYSTEMS
CHAP. 10
Object orientation began to be used for developing distributed systems in the
1980s. ... generation of distributed systems. In this section, we will first take
a deeper look into the general architecture of object-based distributed systems,
after which we can se...
... If this
11
DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS
Considering that sharing data is fundamental to distributed systems, it is not
surprising that distributed file systems form the basis for many distributed ... systems and applications. In this chapter, we consider
distributed file systems as a paradigm for general-purpose distributed systems.
11.1 ARCHITECTURE
We start our discussi...
... 566
DISTRIBUTED WEB;.BASED SYSTEMS
CHAP. 12
12 .3. 2 Simple Object Access Protocol
Where HTTP is the standard communication protocol for traditional Web-
based distributed systems, the ... associated with the handed-off TCP connec-
tion.
Figure 12-9. A scalable content-aware cluster of Web servers.
596
DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION-BASED SYSTEMS
CHAP. 13
Figure 13- 4. The principle of...