FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS Fourth Edition phần 2 pps

... Davidson 422 -11 -23 20 null 34 52 Elgin Road 749- 125 3 25 3.53Barbara Benson533-69- 123 8 839-8461 7384 Fontana Lanenull19 3 .25 Charles Cooper 489 -22 -1100376-9 821 26 5 Lark Lane 749-64 92 28 3.93Katherine ... 1988-05 -22 Administration4 987654 321 1995-01-01Headquarters1 888665555 1981-06-19IWORKS_ONESSNPNOHOURS 123 456789 1 32. 5 123 456789 2 7.5666884444 3 40.0453453453 1 20 .0453453453 2 20.0333445555 ... constraintsdisplayedontheCOMPANYrelational database schema.5.1 RelationalModelConcepts I 131t=<(Name,DickDavidson),(ssN, 422 -11 -23 20),(HomePhone,null),(Address,34 52 ElginRoad),(OfficePhone,749- 125 3),(Age, 25 ),(GPA,3.53»t...

... available systems includedGEMSTONE/OPAL of GemStone Systems, ONTOS of Ontos,Objectivity of Objectivity Inc.,Versant of VersantObjectTechnology,ObjectStore of ObjectDesign,ARDENT of ARDENTSoftware,"andPOET of POETSoftware.Theserepresent ... T3,B,15, 12] [starttransaction,T 2 ][read_item, T 2, B][write_item,T 2, B, 12, 18][starUransaction,1;][read_item,T1,A][read_item,1;,0][write_item, T1,O ,20 ,25 ][read_item,T 2, 0][write_item, T 2, O ,25 ,26 ][read_item,T3,A] 12 18 25 26 f-system ... known.This section provided an overview of themainconcepts of 00databases. In Sections 20 .2 through 20 .6, we discuss these concepts in more detail. 20 .2 OBJECTIDENTITY,OBJECTSTRUCTURE,ANDTYPECONSTRUCTORSIn...

... be reserved for databases containing tens of terabytes. 5.1 .2 Storage of Databases Databases typically store large amounts of data that must persist over long periods of time. The data ... 128 . 5 .29 . Load the records of Exercise 5 .27 into an expandable hash file, using linear hashing. Start with a 1 Page 129 of 893may be applied at a finer granularity by breaking up a byte of ... key includes records with the following Part# values: 23 69, 3760, 46 92, 4871, 5659, 1 821 , 1074, 7115, 1 620 , 24 28, 3943, 4750, 6975, 4981, 920 8. The file uses eight buckets, numbered 0 to 7. Each...

... andArchitecture 25 2. 1DataModels, Schemas,andInstances 26 2. 2Three-SchemaArchitectureandDataIndependence 29 2. 3 Database LanguagesandInterfaces 32 2.4The Database SystemEnvironment35 2. 5CentralizedandClient/ServerArchitecturesforDBMSs38 2. 6 ... Concepts867 27 .1 Overview of Data Mining Technology 868 27 .2 Association Rules 871 27 .3 Classification 8 82 27.4 Clustering 885 27 .5 Approaches toOtherData Mining Problems 888 27 .6 Applications of Data ... interfaces of thestandardtransactionsdesignedandimplementedfortheir FUNDAMENTALS OF Fourth Edition DATABASE SYSTEMS Ramez ElmasriDepartment of ComputerScienceEngineeringUniversity of Texasat...

... 1DNOCOUNT(")AVG(SALARY)543 325 04 3 310001155000Result of0 24 .GroupingEMPLOYEE tuplesbythevalueof DNa.(b)PNAMEPNUMBERESSNPNOHOURSProductX 1 123 456789 1 32. 5Productx 1453453453 1 20 .0ProductY 2 123 456789 2 7.5ProductY 2 453453453 2 20.0ProductY 2 333445555 2 10.0ProductZ ... 5.0Newbenefits30987654 321 30 20 .0Newbenefits309998877773030.0r.}.>Thesegroupsarenot}~selectedbytheHAVINGcondition of0 26 .}}}AfterapplyingtheWHERE clausebutbeforeapplyingHAVINGResult of 026 (PNUMBER notshown).PNAMEPNUMBERESSNPNOHOURSProductY 2 123 456789 2 7.5ProductY 2 453453453 2 20.0ProductY 2 ... 10.0Computerization109879879871035.0Reorganization 20 333445555 20 10.0Reorganization 20 987654 321 20 15.0Reorganization 20 888665555 20 nullNewbenefits3098798798730 5.0Newbenefits30987654 321 30 20 .0Newbenefits309998877773030.0r.}.>Thesegroupsarenot}~selectedbytheHAVINGcondition of0 26 .}}}AfterapplyingtheWHERE...

... guideline.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.ENAMEBellaireBellaireSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandHoustonHoustonBellaireBellaireSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandHoustonHoustonStaffordHoustonHoustonPLaCATIONPNAMEProductXProductXProductYProductYProductYProductZProductZProductXProductXProductYProductYProductYProductYProductYProductYProductZProductZComputerizationReorganizationReorganization 32. 5 32. 57.57.57.540.040.0 20 .0 20 .0 20 .0 20 .0 20 .010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0HOURSSSN___IPNUMBER I11 2 2 2 3311 2 2 2 2 2 23310 20 20 123 456789 123 456789 123 456789 123 456789 123 456789666884444666884444453453453453453453453453453453453453453453453333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555FIGURE10.6 ... relationwithredundancy. 12. Thisconditionisremovedinthenestedrelationalmodelandinobject-relational systems (ORDBMSs),both of whichallowunnormalizedrelations(seeChapter 22 ). 322 IChapter 10 Functional Dependencies andNormalizationforRelational Databases(a) LOTSFD2t tt tFD3tFD4t(b)LOTS1FD2ttFD4tLOTS2COUNTY NAMETAX_RATEFD3t(c)LOTS1A ... wecanconsiderthedomain of OLOCATIONSto bethepowerset of theset of singlelocations;thatis,thedomainis made up of all possible subsets of theset of single locations. 29 6IChapter 10 Functional...

... physical database design inRDBMSs. 12. 19. Discussthetypes of modificationsthatmay be applied tothelogical database design of a relational database. 12. 20.Whatfunctions dothetypical database ... themainbucketsnullnulloverflowbucketsnull34014601Irecordpointer~"::'v:981recordpointer1 321 recordpointer7611 82 recordpointer91Irecordpointer·(·· 22 6 52 recordpointerr1 72 recordpointer 522 recordpointerIrecordpointerbucket0bucket1bucket 2 (pointersaretorecordswithintheoverflowblocks)3991891Irecordpointer'1bucket9"::'nullFIGURE13.10Handlingoverflowfor ... repair is 24 hours,thenthemeantime todataloss of a mirrored disksystemusing 100 diskswithMTTF of 20 0,000 hourseachis (20 0,000 )2/ (2 * 24 ) = 8.33 *108hours,whichis 95, 028 vears.l'...

... (13 * 20 00) +«(1/ 125 )* 10,000 * 125 /4) = 28 ,5133. UsingMethodJ2withEMPLOYEEas outer loop:Cl l c=bE+(rE*(XDNUMBER+ 1)) +«jsoP6 *rE *ro)/bfrED= 20 00 + (10,000 *2) +«(1/ 125 )* ... * 125 /4) = 24 ,5004. UsingMethodJ2withDEPARTMENTas outer loop:Cl l a= bo+ (ro *(XONO+SONO))+«jsOP6*rE *ro)/bfrED)= 13 + ( 125 * (2 +80))+«(1/ 125 )* 10,000 * 125 /4) = 12, 763Case ... fortheproblem of physical database design.16 .2 AnOverview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems I 541dependencies {{STUDENT,COURSE}~INSTRUCTOR,INSTRUCTOR~COURSE}.A lossless decomposi-tionofTEACHintoT1...

... 20 03-06-01nowWong333445555 25 000 4999887777 1999-08 -20 20 01-01-31Wong333445555300005 999887777 20 01- 02- 01 20 02- 03-31Wong333445555400005 888665555 20 02- 04-01nowBrown 22 2447777 28 000 4999887777 20 01-05-01 20 02- 08-10Narayan66688444438000 ... nowthecurrentone.7 72 IChapter 24 Enhanced DataModelsfor Advanced ApplicationsEMP_VTSUPERVISOR_SSNSmith 123 456789 25 0005 333445555 20 02- 06-15 20 03-05-31Smith 123 456789300005 333445555 20 03-06-01nowWong333445555 25 000 ... 20 01-05-01 20 02- 08-10Narayan66688444438000 5 333445555 20 03-08-01nowDEPT_VTI DNAMEDNO MANAGER_SSNVST VETResearch5 888665555 20 01-09 -20 20 02- 03-31Research5333445555 20 02- 04-01nowFIGURE 24 .8Some...

... Figure 26 .5. 26 .8.CreateXML schema documents to correspondtothehierarchiesshownin Figures 26 . 12 and 26 .13part(3). 26 .9. ConsidertheLIBRARYrelational database schema of Figure 5 .20 .CreateanXMLschemadocumentthatcorresponds ... semistructured,andunstructured data.TheninSection 26 .2 weturnourattentiontotheXML standardand841ItemSupportUnk 27 .2 Association Rules I877milk 3bread 2 cookies 2 juice 2 FIGURE 27 .2 FP-treeanditemheadertable.procedure ... distributed databases? 25 .2. Whatadditional functions does aDDBMShaveover a centralizedDBMS? 25 .3.Whatarethemainsoftware modules of aDDBMS?Discussthemainfunctions of each of these modules...