... Chaar H., Colin F., Leborgne G., Artificial defoliation, decapitation of the terminal bud, and removal of the apical tip of the shoot in ses-sile oak seedlings and consequences on subsequent ... portion, t.2: clipping of distal buds, t.3: clipping of distal leaves, t.4: clipping of brother shoots, t.5: stem girdling (girdling position indicated with an arrow). Lowerdrawings (offspring ... damage of N. dombeyi branching systems In N. dombeyi trees, like in many other tree species, thebranching system consisting of a parent shoot extended in oneyear and a cohort of offspring shoots...