HPLC A Praactical User''''''''S Guide Part 1 ppt
Tài liệu HPLC A practical user`s guide pptx
... solvent.
8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HPLC
1
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF HPLC
3
The first things we need to understand are how an HPLC system works, its
best applications and advantages over ... remember that HPLC is both an analytical and a
preparative tool. Often the preparative capabilities of the HPLC are over-
looked. While normal analytical injections contain picogra...
HPLC A Practical User’s Guide P1 doc
... remember that HPLC is both an analytical and a
preparative tool. Often the preparative capabilities of the HPLC are over-
looked. While normal analytical injections contain picogram to nanogram
quantities, ... tool.Twenty-five years in HPLC, first as a user, then in field
sales and application support for HPLC manufacturers, and finally working as
a teacher and consultant has shown m...
HPLC A Practical User’s Guide P2 potx
... equilibrated and
standardized, we are ready to carry out an HPLC separation on a real sample.
We might add an internal standard (if necessary, to correct for injection
variations), dilute our sample ... internal stan-
dard to both our sample and our known standard mixture, we can calculate
peak heights or areas relative to that of the internal standard. Variations in
the injection size of...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 1 ppt
... Data Acquisition / 13 2
10 .4 Solvent Conservation / 13 3
III HPLC UTILIZATION 13 5
11 Preparative Chromatography 13 7
11 .1 Analytical Preparative / 13 8
11 .2 Semipreparative / 13 9
11 .3 “True” Preparative ... solvent.
8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HPLC
CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
I HPLC PRIMER 1
1 Advantages and Disadvantages of HPLC 3
1. 1 How It Works / 4
1. 1 .1 A...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 2 doc
... of a packing material, sample
clean-ups, and broad separations of classes of materials. They are available in
almost any type of packing available for HPLC separations: partition, ion
exchange, ... Service and support have always been the differentiating factors
that really separate and define the best companies.
2. 1.4 Brand Names and Clones
A single supplier working on an O.E.M. basis...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 3 doc
... peak height times the half peak
width. The areas of each peak are summed to give a total area. Dividing this
into the area of each peak gives a relative area percentage for each peak. Like
peak ... 1 to 8 for analytical separations and 4 to 12 for
preparative. a s range from 1 to 2; at a = 1, peaks completely overlap, much
above a = 2 and the separation can be made in a separatory...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 4 pdf
... use a technique called sequential
analysis (Fig. 5.6). For example, we can make a size separation, then take a size
fraction and do a partition separation. This is commonly used in separating a
complex ... Anionic packing materials have
an affinity for anions (negatively charged ions) and have positively charged
functional groups on their surfaces, usually organic amines. Cationic pa...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 5 pot
... form as a pair of peaks or a badly tailing peak for each
compound.
Ion-pairing reactions can also be carried out using quaternary amines as
counter-charges for organic acid and organic phosphate ... I’m talking about a
change that takes place gradually or all at once and remains high. Be aware
that gradient mixtures of some solvents like methanol and water go through
a pressure maximu...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 6 potx
... covalently bonded phases
available on zirconium that can simulate silica C
18
separations with a- type
peak shifting, but bonded phases are available that provide truly unique sep-
arations. Many ... monosaccharides and separate alcohol
sugars from each other.
8.1.2 Anionic: Weak and Strong
In strong anionic ion exchangers, the quaternary amine is attached to the silica
surface by an alkyl c...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 7 docx
... than the inte-
grator to store a single chromatogram, however, it can use this raw data to
report tables of peak maxima, areas, and heights versus time and recalculate,
redisplay, and compare ... reports each as a percent of the total.
The computer handles data differently. It measures the voltage at a preset
time interval and stores each displacement as a digital word, usually at a...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 8 ppt
... necessary, we can increase to the next size larger
loop without affecting resolution.
1 38 PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Table 11.1 A Guide to Preparative Scale-up
Analytical Semipreparative Preparative
Size ... least important. Here we are
gathering grams of material for biological testing and structural analysis, and
as reaction intermediates.
HPLC: A Practical User’s Guide, Second Ed...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 9 docx
... concentrations of the standards
are injected, areas are measured, and a calibration curve is platted. Unknown
samples are then injected, chromatograms run, and areas are calculated and
compared ... response factors are calculated relative to the
internal standards, and amounts of each unknown present are calculated from
the standards calibration factors. Internal standards are usually used...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 10 pot
... macro programs.
14.6.3 Databases: .DB2 Format
To export data files into a database program, a database file format called
.DB2 was developed in an early PC database, dBase II. Databases are made
up ... retained as a
standard format. .WK files are Lotus-1,2,3 formats and .XLS are Microsoft
Excel formats that have become spreadsheet standards, allowing transfer of
data, calculations, address...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 11 pot
... American Laboratory, LC/GC Mag-
azine, the Journal of Liquid Chromatography, and Chemical Abstracts—
HPLC Selects. Chemical Abstracts are also on-line as part of Dialog’s
computer database. I have ... Normal-
Phase Chromatography.)
Alpha (a) —(Separation or chemistry factor). A measure of separation
between two peak maxima. Ratio of their k′ values.
Attenuation—Measure of detector sensi...
HPLC A Praactical User''''S Guide Part 12 docx
... sigma (s) width, 49
Acidic phase silica, 93
Alpha (a) 55
A/ D converter, 124
Affinity column, 59, 101
Amine column oxidation, 75–76
Amino acids, 162
AMU (atomic mass unit), 183
Analytical mode, 8
Analog ... centrifugation.
Saturation Column—Sacrificial column placed before the injector to protect
the main column from pH degradation.
Seal—Wear surface that both lubricates and separates moving...
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