... How the Japanes learn to work vocational training—which used to be the title of the relevant Ministry ofLabour’s Bureau, and also of the 195 9 law, and the 197 8 amended law, clearlyhad overtones ... times the monthly wage in 199 0, 3.1 times the monthly wage in 199 5. Ofall male employees aged over 55, 21 .9 per cent were directors of the companythey worked for in 198 7, 21.6 per cent in 199 2. ... companies, the most complex, hard -to- learn skills (particularly those on which the competitiveness of the Japanese economy depends) will continue to be the property of the core of permanent workers...