... Your Generation
187 0-1 900 US Railroad system built
194 0-1 970 Interstate highway system
196 0-1 970 Apollo mission to the Moon
195 0-1 990 Cold War, nuclear threat
196 0-1 980 Green revolution, ...
Arctic Ocean and Sea Ice
Marine Energy – Wave Motion
Energy generated by waves (Dr Brekken) and tides
Solutions are Clear and Reachable
No fine-tuning yet, but we know...
... recent and severe events in
Most recent and severe events in
1953, ‘5 7- 58, ‘65, ‘7 2- 73, ‘7 6- 77,
1953, ‘5 7- 58, ‘65, ‘7 2- 73, ‘7 6- 77,
‘8 2- 83
‘8 2- 83
, ‘9 1- 92,
, ‘9 1- 92,
‘9 7- 98
‘9 7- 98
, ...
very different
fluids
fluids
- atmosphere and ocean - in
- atmosphere and ocean - in
the boundless dimensions of time and sp...
... the western
Atlantic
–
NADW forms in Norwegian Basins
■
Sinks and is dammed behind sills
–
Between Greenland and Iceland and Iceland and
the British Isles
■
NADW periodically spills over sills ... and
heat-related deaths and ill-health.
■
Movement of populations to southern Europe
■
Need to refurbish infrastructure towards Scandinavian standards.
http://www.ipcc.ch/publication...
... in the tropics?
Sea Surface Temperatures
only 0 -3 0°C world-wide
Land:
50°C to -5 0°C
Salinity Variations
✦
Surface salinity follows evaporation-
precipitation pattern
✦
Atlantic Ocean is generally ... radiation
➨
Requires flow of
heat by oceans and
atmosphere
➨
Surface circulation
Salinity Variations
Heard Island Experiment
Global Warming faster velocity??
Go to Sounds
Physical and...
... 1256 D
Superfast Spread Crust Mission to Hole 1256 D
The ocean floor ages and
accumulates sediments
Toba (71,000 B.C.)
-
3000 times as big as Mt St Helens
-
- Sulfuric acid and dust blocked
sunlight, reducing ... (tephra)
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Uniform process of mantle melting, lava freezing
- magma chambers
- effects of spreading rate
- segmentation
Mt St Helens
Water,...
... and state
institutions, as well as universities, and state
and federal agencies
and federal agencies
♦
The emphasis is on interdisciplinary,
The emphasis is on interdisciplinary,
process-oriented ... Oceanography
Composition of sea water and the
processes controlling and altering its
composition, including
marine pollution
.
Edward Forbes: British naturalist (181 5-
1...
... pursuit of their own happiness on
the one hand, and to those of foreign governments longing for booty and territorial
aggrandizement on the other hand. In dealing with these antagonisms, the ... unrealizable when the large-scale enterprises
in manufacturing, mining, and transportation appeared. There cannot be any
question of splitting up large-scale business units and distributing th...