... result can even be stored and used later in another operation. Figure 2.4 AND, OR, XOR and NOT gates 2.3.1 AND gates – physical and virtual The AND gate is a device with two or more inputs, ... up within a loop. 2.4.4 AND, OR and test bits If the programmer wants to AND or OR bits in a particular memory address, the instructions ANDA or ORA could be used. This is a logical AND and ... drives us to understand how they work and then how to troubleshoot and repair them. The microcontrollers and support chips used in these controllers are becoming smarter and easier to use. This...