... synthesis and mitosis and in response to environmental
mutagens; these repair pathways are often abnormal in cancer cells. When a
normal cell has sustained too much damage to repair, the cell activates ... damage to the organ. These cell death pathways are also
commonly altered in cancer cells, leading to the survival of damaged cells that
would normally die. Cancer cells...
...
whether a cell will enter S-phase. The complex of CDK4 or CDK6 with D type
cyclins forms a G
1
-specific kinase whose activity is regulated by growth factors,
nutrients, and cell- cell and cell- matrix ... targeted therapy of cancer.
Therapeutic Approaches to Cell Cycle Abnormalities in Cancer
The mechanism of cell division is substantially the same in all dividing
cells...
... melanoma, prostate, lung, breast, and colon
cancer cells in vitro. Clinical trials of telomerase vaccines are underway.
Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology
and Angiogenesis
(Part 4)
Telomerase
DNA ... epithelium, and germ
cells) that require extensive cell division to maintain tissue homeostasis. More
than 90% of human cancers express high levels of telomerase that...
...
Breast
cancer
Binds HER2 on
tumor cell surface and
induces receptor
internalization.
Cetuximab
(Erbitux)
EGFR Colon
cancer,
squamous cell
carcinoma of the
head and neck
Binds
extracellular ...
Possible activity
against BRAF in
melanoma, colon
cancer, and others.
Erlotinib
(Tarceva)
EGFR Non-
small cell lung
cancer;
pancreatic
cancer
Competitive
inhibit...
... process of metastasis.
Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology
and Angiogenesis
(Part 11)
The release of apoptosis-inducing proteins from the mitochondria is
regulated by pro- and antiapoptotic members ... apoptosis pathways and promote cancer
cell survival and resistance to anticancer therapies. However, because of their
deranged physiology, cancer cells may be mo...
...
tumor cells express high levels of HIF-1α, and VEGF-induced angiogenesis leads
to high microvascular density (hence the term hypernephroma).
Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology
and Angiogenesis ... tumor cells,
inflammatory cells, or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
When tumor cells arise in or metastasize to an avascular area, they grow to
a size limited by h...
... before the clinical utility of this approach can be fully realized.
Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology
and Angiogenesis
(Part 3)
Figure 80-1
... other stimuli, and predisposes
cells to chromosome instability. This genomic instability greatly increases the
probability that p53 null cells will acquire additional mutations and become
malignant. ... transcription...
... of tumor cells and induces
internalization of the receptor, thereby reducing the level of surface expression.
This leads to inhibition of cell cycle progression and renders cancer cells more ...
breast cancer patients.
The PDGFR and its ligand, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), are
overexpressed in many glioblastomas and in subsets of melanoma, ovarian,
pancreatic, ga...
... the cancer cell, without
harming normal cells (which maintain wild-type function for gene A). High-
throughput screens can now be performed
using isogenic cell line pairs in which
one cell ... transition and passage through the cell cycle. Inhibition of one pathway
(such as pathway A by a targeted inhibitor) has no significant effect due to
redundancy provi
ded by pathways B...
... that may include growth arrest,
differentiation, or apoptosis.
Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology
and Angiogenesis
(Part 8)
PI3K is a heterodimeric lipid kinase that catalyses the conversion ... of Myc, β-catenin, cyclin D1,
and cyclin E, and blocking upregulation of p27
Kip1
and Bim (an apoptosis-inducing
protein). Furthermore, the growth of cancer cells requ...