Chapter 072 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 4) pdf
Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 4) pdf
... underlying illness does not necessarily indicate malnutrition. Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 4) Protein Catabolism The rate of endogenous protein breakdown ... life-threatening. Nutritional Assessment Because interactions between illness and nutrition are complex, many physical and laboratory findings reflect both underlying disease and nutritional status. ... problems and to avoid concluding that isolated findings indicate nutritional problems when they do not. For example, hypoalbuminemia caused by an underlying illness does not necessarily indicate malnutrition. ...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 1) ppt
... Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 72. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment: ... detecting, and treating malnutrition. Protein-Energy Malnutrition The two major types of PEM are marasmus and kwashiorkor. These conditions are compared in Table 72-1. Marasmus and kwashiorkor ... that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects one-third to one-half of patients on general medical and surgical wards in teaching hospitals. The consistent finding that nutritional status influences...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 2) ppt
... in adults and older children) and lack of response to skin test antigens (anergy). The prognosis of adult patients with full-blown kwashiorkor is not good, even with aggressive nutritional ... illnesses such as trauma and sepsis, and chronic illnesses that involve acute-phase inflammatory responses. The physiologic stress produced by these illnesses increases protein and energy requirements ... is blocked by the stressed state and by carbohydrate infusion. In its early stages, the physical findings of kwashiorkor are few and subtle. Fat reserves and muscle mass are initially unaffected,...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 3) pps
... infections such Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 3) Physiologic Characteristics of Hypometabolic and Hypermetabolic States The metabolic characteristics and nutritional ... kwashiorkor seen in developing countries. Metabolic Rate In starvation and semistarvation, the resting metabolic rate falls between 10% and 30% as an adaptive response to energy restriction, slowing ... gram-negative septicemia, and as much as 110% after major burns. If the metabolic rate (energy requirement) is not matched by energy intake, weight loss results—slowly in hypometabolism and quickly in...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 5) ppsx
... Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 5) Nutritional History A nutritional history is directed toward identifying underlying mechanisms that put patients at risk for nutritional ... drop, and decreased tendon reflexes, fine tactile sense, vibratory sense, and position sense) Thiamine, pyridoxine, vitamin B12 Pyridoxine Tetany Calcium, magnesium Other Chapter ... vitamin, mineral, and protein-energy deficiencies and excesses are outlined in Table 72-4. Most of the physical findings are not specific for individual nutrient deficiencies, and they must be...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 6) pptx
... avoid assigning nutritional significance to tests that may be abnormal for nonnutritional reasons. Table 72-5 Laboratory Tests for Nutritional Assessment Test (Normal Values) Nutritional Use ... patient who is edematous and has easily pluckable hair and inadequate protein intake, the diagnosis of kwashiorkor is clear-cut. Commonly used laboratory tests for assessing nutritional status are ... BUN/creatinine (g) + 4] x 6.25 Adjustments required in burn patients and others with large nonurinary nitrogen losses and in patients with fluctuating BUN levels (e.g., renal failure)...
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Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 7) pptx
... Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005 Chapter 072. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment (Part 7) Assessment of Circulating ... increased dermal losses of protein may not indicate malnutrition. On the other hand, adequate nutritional support of the patient's calorie and protein needs is critical for returning circulating ... rates of synthesis and catabolism, "third spacing" (loss into interstitial spaces), and, in some cases, external loss. Although an adequate intake of calories and protein is necessary...
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Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 4) pdf
... Rehabilitationc Status, % in Complicationsd per Patient-Year Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 4) Although PN was initially relatively expensive, its components ... prognosis is longer than several months and that the therapy benefits quality of life. Table 73-2 Summary of Outcomes for Patients on Home Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (HPEN) Therapy ... delivered in hospitals, some patients require it on a long-term basis. If they have a safe environment and a willingness to learn the self-care techniques, SNS can be administered at home. The clinical...
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Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment (Part 4) potx
... the healthy individuals of a specific age and sex. The types of evidence and criteria used to establish nutrient requirements vary by nutrient, age, and physiologic group. The EAR is not useful ... the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), therapeutic diets, and descriptions of the nutritional content of processed foods and dietary supplements. The nutrient content in a food is stated ... people eat rarely reach levels that exceed the UL. However, nutritional supplements provide more concentrated amounts of nutrients per dose and, as a result, pose a greater potential risk of toxicity....
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Wind_Farm Technical Regulations Potential Estimation and Siting Assessment Part 4 potx
... to downtime and energy production. Wind Farm – Technical Regulations, Potential Estimation and Siting Assessment 68determinism and creates a partnership between the community and its utility, ... successes and failures that are worth note. Chicago during the 1870’s and 80’s had extreme problems with filthy smoke and soot from coal used to power homes, steel plants, trains and many other ... company and other factors defined in the contract. Then there is a “shared ownership” arrangement where the community and the wind turbine power company share ownership and split the expenses and...
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