... confuse apooling of independent cross sections with a di¤erent data structure, panel data, which we treat starting in Chapter 7. Briefly, in a panel data set we follow the samegroup of individuals, ... case of the White test because ð^yyi;^yy2iÞ con-tains two linear combinations of the squares and cross products of all elements in xi.Additional Single-Equation Topics 127 By the ... obtained by taking hito be all nonconstant, unique elements of xi and x0ixi: the levels, squares, and cross products of the regressors in the conditional mean.The Breusch-Pagan and White...