... 122
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Example 22. Evaluate: ∆
n
[sin (ax + b)]
Sol. We know
f∆
(x) = f(x + h) – f (x) therefore
∆
sin (ax + b) = sin [a (x + h)+b] – sin)(ax ... hD hD
hD
116
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Example 14. Evaluate the following:
I. ∆
2
(cos 2x)
II. ∆
2
(3e
x
)
III. ∆ tan
–1
x
IV. ∆(x + cos x)
the int...
... problems. A major
advantage for numerical technique is that a numerical answer can be obtained even when a
problem has no analytical solution. However, result from numerical analysis is an approximation,
in ... significant figures at each step of
computation. At each step of computations, retain at least one more significant figure
than that given in the data, perform the last...
... 3
Hence maximum percentage error (E
p
)
max
= 11.667%.
Example 26. How accurately should the length and time of vibration of a pendulum should be
measured in order that the computed value of g is ... 4008 and 30.4647 + 0.0639 =
30.5286.
Example 12. Find the product of 346.1 and 865.2 and state how many figures of the result are
trustworthy, given that the numbers are corr...
... 26
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
The basic operations specified by IEEE arithmetic are first and foremost addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Square roots ... two
types of arithmetic operations present in the system.
(a) Integer arithmetic, which deals with integer operands and
(b) Real or Floating-point arithmetic, which deals with fr...
... R.H.S.
3.9 FACTORIAL NOTATIONS
The product of n consecutive factors each at a constant difference and the first factor being x is
called a factorial function or a factorial polynomial of degree n and ... L.H.S.
150
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
CorCor
CorCor
Cor
ollary:ollary:
ollary:ollary:
ollary:
To show that,
()
n
n
x
∆
= n! h
n
and
1n+
∆...
... interpolation formula.
Sol. We are given
()
:78910
:311 9
x
fx
226
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Example 1. Using Lagrange’s formula, find the value of
(i) y
x
if y
1
... f(x
3
) = 17.5
also, find the value of f(5)
232
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Example 8. Prove that Lagrange’s formula can be expressed in the
()
()
()
()...
... differences
where as the difference defined earlier are called ordinary differences. Lagrange’s interpolation
formula has the disadvantage that if any other interpolation point were added, the interpolation
co-efficient ... (5)
244
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Example 10. Show that the sum of Lagrangian co-efficients is unity.
Sol. Let
()
x
∏
=
()
()
()
01...
... co-efficients a
1
, a
2
a
n
will produce little
error for small x near zero. But probably substantial error near the ends of the interval
268
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
7. Apply ... approximation to a given function.
For evaluating a function f(x) on a computer it is generally more efficient of space and time
to have an analytic approxi...
... cm
=
=
=
GGG
486
COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Negative LCL being taken as zero. Also for drawing the control chart we mark the sample
No.’s along the horizontal axis and control ... concern has an average sale of Rs. 10000/- daily estimated over a long
period. A salesman claims that he will increase the average sales by Rs. 700/- a day. The...