Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 1 pps

... Understanding, ed. Fraser (Oxford, 18 94), I, 33 1- 3 33; Leibniz, Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, ed.Fammarion, p. 11 9.of an action is to remove a certain uneasiness, instinct-psychology ... transformed into a plant and reduced to a merelyvegetative existence.ACTING MAN 29 11 . On the philosophy of history, cf. Mises, Theory and History (New Haven, 19 57), pp. 15 9. ff.thinking. All ... not knock down every fellow he would like 16 HUMAN ACTION3. Cf. William McDougall, An Introduction to Social Psychology (14 th ed.Boston, 19 21) , p. 11 .4. Cf. Mises, Epistemological Problems...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 3 potx

... themanufacturer and “exploiter” Engels, and Lenin, the scion of the Russiangentry, were certainly not of proletarian background. But Hitler and Mus-solini were genuine proletarians and spent their ... their fault thatECONOMICS AND THE REVOLT AGAINST REASON 83 undeniable fact. What they really wanted to say was that historical under-standing, aesthetic empathy, and value judgments are conditioned ... philosophie(Paris and Brussels, 1847), p. 100.They are therefore appropriate to the structure of the external world and reflect properties of the world and of reality. They work, and are in this sensetrue and...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 4 docx

... of well-being.They want more and better food, better homes and clothes, and a thousand otheramenities. They strive after abundance and health. Taking these goals as given,applied physiology ... ultimate good and the means goods. Inapplying this terminology economists mainly used to think as technologists and not as praxeologists. They differentiated between free goods and eco-nomic goods. ... distinguishes, from this point of view, betweenman’s “real” needs and imaginary and spurious appetites. It teaches people howthey should act and what they should aim at as a means.The importance of...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 5 pot

... time and ofcausality. The praxeological system too is aprioristic and deductive. As asystem it is out of time. But change is one of its elements. The notions ofsooner and later and of cause and ... substituted for that of cause and effect. It will be shown later thataxiomatic mechanics cannot serve as a model for the treatment of the economicsystem. Cf. below, pp. 35 3-3 57 .2. Henri Bergson, Matière ... value,independent of these acts and preceding them, and of a previouslydevised plan whose realization they aim at. The scale of value and theplan to which duration and immutability for a certain...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 6 pptx

... of all events and changes is uniquelydetermined by eternal unchangeable laws governing becoming and devel-opment in the whole universe. We may consider the necessary connection and interdependence ... choosing and acting. We merely establish the fact that he chooses and acts and that we are at a loss to use the methods of the natural sciencesfor answering the question why he acts this way and ... specific understand-ing of the historical sciences.Understanding is always based on incomplete knowledge. We maybelieve we know the motives of the acting men, the ends they are aiming at, and the...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 7 pot

... owns five units of commodity a and three units of commodity b.He attaches to the units of a the rank-orders 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8, to the units ofb the rank-orders 3, 5, and 6. This means: If he must ... theory of value and pricesbased on the concepts of utility and use-value. The economists believed thatthey had to abandon such a theory and tried to explain the phenomena ofvalue and market exchange ... employment of their physiological functions for the attainmentACTION WITHIN THE WORLD 1 37 9. See below, pp. 76 9 -7 79 .10. Karl Kautsky, Die soziale Revolution (3d ed. Berlin, 1911), II, 16ff. AboutEngels...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 8 pdf

... the sameinvestment of capital for a 2 days and for b 3 days are required, and if capitalgoods and a and b are freely movable from England to India and vice versa,while there is no mobility ... in the emer-gence of the structure-function systems of plant and animal bodies and inthe operation of the societies of ants, bees, and hornets. Human society is anintellectual and spiritual ... community and belonging together which present-day national-ists consider a natural and original phenomenon.The mutual sexual attraction of male and female is inherent in man’sanimal nature and...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 9 pptx

... Government (New Haven, 194 4), pp. 22 1-2 28,12 9- 1 3 1-1 40.direction retrogression. Without reference to some agent’s action and to adefinite goal both these notions are empty and void of any meaning.It ... Christianity and the non-Christian religions, be-tween the advocates of economic freedom and the various brands of Marxianmaterialism, between nationalists and internationalists, between racists and the ... they may be. The mainte-nance and further intensification of social cooperation become a con-cern of everybody. Every world view and every ideology which is notentirely and unconditionally committed...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 10 potx

... social cooperation: cooperation by virtueof contract and coordination, and cooperation by virtue of command and subordination or hegemony.Where and as far as cooperation is based on contract, the ... the same relation to Tom as Tomhas to John. Where and as far as cooperation is based on command and subordination, there is the man who commands and there are those who obeyhis orders. The logical ... between heroes and ped-dlers.4 The Marxians distinguish between the “gentile organization” of afabulous state of primitive society and the eternal bliss of socialism on theone hand and the unspeakable...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 11 ppt

... notion of an unchangeable standard.There are monetary units and there are measurable physical units ofvarious economic goods and of many—but not of all-services bought and sold. But the exchange ... were by and large relegated to a subordi-nate place. There were treatises on catallactics which dealt only incidentally and cursorily with monetary matters, and there were books on currency and banking ... notions ofeconomic calculation—capital and income, profit and loss, spending and saving, cost and yield—are developed. The practical employment of thesenotions and of all notions derived from them...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 13 pps

... commercial precalculation of expected costs and expected pro-ceeds. The retrospective establishment of the outcome of past action be-comes accounting of profit and loss.The system of economic calculation ... imaginary “social” values and “so-cial” welfare.1. In partnerships and corporations it is always individuals who act, althoughnot only one individual.2. Economic Calculation and the Science of Human ... individuals; it is a mode of computationdesigned for ascertaining private wealth and income and private profits and losses of individuals acting on their own behalf within a free enterprisesociety.1...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 19 ppsx

... people on the one hand and the amount of saving or capitalconsumption and the height of the originary rate of interest on the other hand.The allocation of scarce resources to want-satisfaction in ... production labor, capital, and land and three classes ofincome—wages, profit, and rent—as taught by the classical economists isuntenable. Rent is not the specific revenue from land. Rent is a generalcatallactic ... breeding, forestry, and agriculture. Naturegenerates deer, fish, and cattle and makes them grow, causes the cows togive milk and the chickens to lay eggs, the trees to put on wood and to bearimprovement...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 22 pps

... preference. For themarginal land (and, of course, for the submarginal land) no price is paid atall. Rent-bearing land (i.e., land that, compared with the marginal land, bearsa higher output per ... ofliving. Farmers buy and sell land and mortgage it; they sell the produce ofland and become very indignant if the prices are not as high as they wantthem to be.Love of nature and appreciation ... is a general phenomenon and is not limited to the determinationof the prices of land. The sophisticated distinction between “rents” and “quasi-rents” is spurious. Land and the services it renders...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 24 pps

... artisans, and small farmers, and theyall ask in the name of social justice for the abolition of capitalism.8All socialist and interventionist authors and politicians base their anal-ysis and critique ... raises the standard of livingof the masses of the manual workers to such a height that they too turn into“bourgeois” and think and act like well-to-do burghers. Eager to preservetheir standard of ... average standard of living. It wouldnot have been a blessing, but a curse.Conditions in Asia and Africa are, by and large, the same. These back-ward peoples receive the devices for fighting and...

Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 39 ppsx

... money rela-tion and, 411–416, 430–432; monopoly and, 277–278, 357–379, 382, 383–387, 397 , 680–682, 766–767; non-market, 395 – 397 ; premium, 541–545; produc-tion and, 394 395 ; profits and, 97–98;purchasing ... appraisement and, 331–333; barter and, 201–206;change and, 217–219, 652–654; com-petition and, 278, 357–358; cost ac-counting and, 212–214, 339 350; costs and, 97–98, 352–353; discrimination,388 391 ; ... changes and, 545–570; personal services and, 140–142, 232–234; prices and, 333–338, 394 – 395 ; reason and, 141–142; sav-ings and, 260, 490–499, 520–522; spir-itual/intellectual, 141–142; time and, 479–488,...

Xem thêm