... 14
Surgery 14
BackPainandSciatica 15
AWrongMixtureofFluids 15
DiscHerniation 17
HistoricalCaseStudy 19
TheFacetSyndrome 21
SpinalStenosis 21
SpinalInfections 22
EgyptianMummiesandSirPercivalPott ... mean difficult choices in
the allocation of treatment modalities. Therefore, a basic knowledge of the state
of the art of the diagnosis and treatment of spinal di...
... transverso-
spinal group (right side), and the short back muscles group. The sacrospinalis group consists of the iliocostalis muscles,
longissimus muscles and spinalis muscles. The transversospinal ... points of muscles, muscle cross sections,
muscle fiber length and muscle type. Of particular importance is the geometric
relationship of the muscle line of action to the rotat...
... and
assessment of spinal instability and the biomechanics of spinal stabilization [11,
103 ]. The reader is encouraged to explore these resources for a more in-depth
study of this subject and for an ... support was mandatory.
The goals of spinal
instrumentation are to
stabilize, correct and fuse
With the exception of the recent developments in non-fusion devices such...
... changes of the disc
✔
Orientation and misalignment of the facet
joints correlate with development of early
osteoarthritis of the joint
✔
Changes in bone architecture of the vertebral
bodies and formation ... function increases proba-
bility and severity of soft tissue and skeletal damage due to trauma and also
enhances the likelihood of complications during surgery.
Th...
... direct and indirect costs are considerable and their management utilizes
a significant part of the gross national product of many countries. However, as
160 Section Basic Science
lihood of being offered ... development, diagnosis and treatment of LBP:
limited diagnostic and prognostic value of medical imaging in non-specific
back pain [8, 10]
no positive effect but neg...
... [45].
Imaging
The recent widespread use of the MRI scan in the assessment of spinal disorders
has considerably improved the ability of surgeons to understand spinal pathol-
ogy, especially in relation ... characteristics of this questionnaire were recently examined
in both surgical and conservative back pain patients and the reliability, validity
and sensitivity to change o...
... Assessment of the Spine
Standard MR sequences
are sufficient for most
indications
Standard T1 (weighted = W) and T2 W spin-echo sequences are the basis of
imaging in the spine (
Fig. 1). T1 W and T2 ... arrows point to L3, L4 and S1 nerve roots) and hyperintense perineural fat tissue.
d Axial T2 W
images at the level of the intervertebral disc L5/S1 and
e of the pedicles of...
... preferred
dard approach for the treatment of thoracic spinal disorders including defor-
mity, tumor or infection. In deformity surgery, the approach is always on the
side of the apex of the curve, i.e. a ... Therefore, it is manda-
tory to double-check the side of the thoracotomy at the beginning of the sur-
gery.
Image intensifier control
optimizes the spinal access
Furthermo...
... respectively. Weakness of the abdominal wall particularly in multiparas can
result in abdominal herniations and needs to be repaired. A detailed description
of the management of complications is ... critically dependent on a
profound knowledge of the surgical anatomy. Preoperative planning of the screw
trajectories with CT scans is mandatory if an altered anatomy (e.g. in spinal...
... fusion (i.e. interbody and posterolateral fusion) was first used
for the treatment of spinal trauma and deformity, then expanded to failed previ-
ous spinal fusion operations and is now used also ... fusion
techniques
Boos and Webb [24] reviewed 16 earlier non-randomized studies (1966–1995)
with a total of 1264 cases and found a mean fusion rate of 87% (range, 40–96%)
a...
... program
•
••
Management of NSLBP
Various guidelines supporting the evidence of conservative treatment have been
published and they offer treatment recommendations for acute, subacute and
chronic LBP ... 25:1S–33S
Extensivereviewabouttheroleofactivityinthetreatmentofpatientswithbackpainwith
comprehensive recommendations from the Paris Task Force.
Accident Rehabilitation & Compe...
... 643
Ischemia of the spinal cord can result from stretching of the blood vessels feeding
the spinal cord or by prolonged hypotension. Therefore, a reduction of the cor-
rection and restoration of a sufficient ... main objectives are
arrest of curve progression
and fusion
The main objective of surgical treatment is correction of the deformity and
maintaining the correc...
... depended on the type of vertebral
anomaly, the location of the anomaly, and the age of the patient at diagnosis.
Bradford DS, Heithoff KB, Cohen M (1991) Intraspinal abnormalities and congenital
spine ... failure of formation, failure of seg-
mentation,ormixed. Examples of failure of forma-
tion are hemivertebra and wedge vertebra, while
unilateral unsegmented bars and...
... measurements of
the endplate obliquity of L3 in the frontal plane, and of the lumbar lordosis mea-
sured between the L1 and S1 superior endplates in the sagittal plane of a standard
X-ray.
716 Section Spinal ... pathomorphology and pathomechanism [1]. The
asymmetric degeneration of the disc and/ or the facet joint leads to an asymmet-
ric loading of the spinal segment...