... portion of the printing paste is required for the filling of the printing machine. Depending on the coverage factor of a pattern, approximately55 80 % of the paste is used for printing, while ... filament yarn (2–10% of the weight of the warp). The main problem resulting from the desizing step is the high load in COD found in the polymer-containing effluent. Table 7summarizes the COD and biological ... mechanical processing such asspinning, weaving, knitting, and garment production, which seem to be insulated from the wet treatment processes like pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations,...