Erosion control in the tropics - Part 2 docx
Erosion control in the tropics - Part 2 docx
... clear that when observing the erosion phenom-ena, the important thing is always to trace the causes of it. In the fol-lowing chapters we will go more deeply into the erosion process, which ... characteristics of erosion in the daily work. For this, it is important to know how to recognize erosion in the field. Always keep the course of the erosion process in mind when looking for signs of erosion ... certain place, this is also a sign that the carrying capacity of that area has been exceeded. When Erosion control in the tropics 10 2 How to recognize erosion The previous chapter explained...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 4 docx
... Erosion control in the tropics 28 Removing this soil from the drainage system or the paths adds to the workload of the farmer. ? The reverse applies of course to the field where the soil ... labour and the farmer is obliged to sow up a smaller area for in- stance. ? When thin layers of soil are continually washed away from the field by erosion, the bigger particles remain and the field ... fail. The farmer must then decide what should be given preference: Later sowing of the first (for example food) crop and not expect an in- come from the second crop in that year (for instance,...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 1 doc
... an insight into the causes and the course of the erosion process, by stating the factors which influence the mechanism of erosion and how these factors are linked up. Introduction 9If the ... soil erosion 7 1.3 The seriousness of the erosion problem 8 2 How to recognize erosion 10 2. 1 Symptoms of erosion 10 2. 2 Other ways to discover erosion 14 2. 3 Symptoms of degeneration of the ... 15 3 The erosion process 17 3.1 Splash -erosion and stream -erosion 17 3 .2 Splash -erosion and soil condition 19 3.3 Stream erosion and the soil 21 3.4 An example on how to show the erosion...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 3 pps
... Erosion control in the tropics 20 Organic matter content of the soil Organic matter probably is the most important factor in binding the soil particles. The better the soil particles ... resist this force, is handled in Paragraph 3 .2. Erosion control in the tropics 22 In practice this can result in the field becoming more stony because the finer particles are slowly washed ... to the plant- roots; hence crop growth is hindered and the water will run-off. Figure 7: Splash erosion and crusting In splash erosion, the force of the falling raindrops is determined by the...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 5 pptx
... and at retaining the rain water. ? Minimum tillage, mulching and the use of a cover crops serve to protect the soil against the force of the rainfall, at the same time maintaining the soil fertility ... grassland influence arable farm-ing. Think of the cattle pastures where manure will again benefit the soil. The felling of trees and the planting of trees also strongly influence the cropping system. ... guideline for the width of strips Slope of Width of 0 - 2% 40 - 50 m 2 - 4% 30 - 40 m > 4% 15 - 30 m in very humid areas 15 - 30 m This shows that the width of the strip also depends on the...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 6 doc
... again. Burning is an integral part of cattle farming in the tropics and improvements in the technique must be found. The timing and the method of burning seem to determine whether it is damaging ... drinking places and in doing so they trample down the soil. During rain showers water collects in the trampled tracks (the rain does not necessarily affect the structure; the hooves of the ... woodcutting, is the cause of erosion in many areas. De-forestation exposes the deforested area as well as the low-lying parts of the flood area to erosion: large floods in Bangladesh in 1974...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 7 pptx
... drain The main drainage serves as the main channel where all the water is collected. ? One main drain at the bottom of the catchment area: all the col-lected water ends up in the main drain ... here. Erosion control in the tropics 62 the terrace drain is often laid out down-slope (as in figure 25 ) because there is not such a danger of silting up here as in wetter areas. In wet-ter ... crops, Erosion control in the tropics 68 The purpose of gully control is not so much erosion control as an at-tempt to limit the effects of erosion that is taking place up-stream from the gully....
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 8 pptx
... yourself why erosion occurs in a certain area. Not only will the deeper causes of erosion be found in the socio-economic backgrounds, but the incentive will be found which motivates the farmer ... Underlying causes of erosion 738 Underlying causes of erosion In the previous chapters we have seen how the chance of erosion can be lessened by taking certain precautions. However, ... Farmers in certain areas used to use mulch before, but not any more. The reason for this is probably the increasing population pressure which brings with it an increasing need for fuel. The grasses...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 9 ppsx
... underestimated. Erosion control in the tropics 76 9 .2 Awareness Only if people appreciate the usefulness of the operations to be carried out, will they be inclined to take them up themselves. They should ... concerned or the well-intentioned development worker ei-ther. Sometimes the causes can only be tackled by political influence among the people themselves, a process in which you, as a develop-ment ... carry on the works and maintain them, it is essential that they see their benefit and feel re-sponsible for them too. The people should feel that the project belongs Conditions for the success...
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Erosion control in the tropics - Part 10 potx
... 28 0 pp., IT Publications, London, United Kingdom. ISBN: 1- 8533 9-1 2 2- 0 . Available from CTA, 20 credit points. Reij, C., et al. Sustaining the soil: Indigenous soil and water con-servation in ... criticisms. Erosion control in the tropics 84 The ends of the hose are fixed firmly to the lath. This can be done us-ing part of an inner tube that is then fixed with U-shaped or L-shaped nails. ... of the forces combining the parti-cles within the soil aggregate are bigger than the forces of the sur-rounding environment, thus keeping the soil aggregate together. Sand particles do not...
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