... helplessness.
[6]
CONCLUSION
Foundations of success in environmental aspects of
animal care are the fundamental principles of animal
Adaptation and Stress: Animal State of Being 3
Adaptation and Stress: Animal State of Being
Stanley ... that the vast majority of the public affirms
that animals have rights, as do many husbandry agri-
culturalists. A Gallup poll published...
... undertaken
to develop a set of minimal animal welfare standards. As
part of that process, a kosher/halal standard and audit
requirements have been developed, based on the Amer-
ican Meat Institute’s ... production.
[5]
Ionophores are antimicrobials (but not antibiotics) that
inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. Because the rumen is
populated by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria,...
... VS. ANIMAL
WELFARE/WELL-BEING
The public and the media often confuse animal rights and
animal welfare/well-being. Animals have limited legal
rights and few widely agreed-upon moral rights. Animals
have ... Indicators
J. C. Swanson
M. Rassette
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, U.S .A.
INTRODUCTION
Animal well-being can be characterized as the harmony an
animal is experienc...
... phases of an animal s life cycle. For
example, 1) meat packers can act as integrators, acquiring
and maintaining ownership of an animal from the cow-
calf operation until the consumer purchases ... have been
incorporated into sequences of behaviors that on the
whole are adaptive.
TYPES OF ABERRANT BEHAVIORS
Self-Directed Aberrant Behaviors
These are directed at the animal or at i...
... major producing
states of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missis-
sippi.
[6]
Mississippi leads all states with 106,000 acres,
followed by Arkansas (33,500 acres), Alabama (26,000
acres), and ... 5000 m for llamas and
3500 5000 m for alpacas in Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador,
and Argentina. Additionally, Columbia has a few llamas.
The total population of llamas and alpacas is about 3.8...
... disease and metabolic conditions may affect
30% to 60% of animals calving on an annual basis.
Animals may be affected by more than one problem, and
an animal may experience repeated bouts of the same
problem ... However, al-
though free stalls can offer several advantages relative to
tie stalls in terms of cow state of being, each free-stall
design and each farm is unique, and anim...
... matched, animal productivity can decrease
and animal health can suffer. The effects on productivity
and health are largely due to animals entering a state of
distress. Stress can occur when an ... productivity can be a measure of a
mismatch between an animal and its environment, a lack
of impaired productivity does not mean that the animal s
needs are being satisfied.
Not...
... to
any attempt to understand the welfare of animals.
Application to Farm Animals
The externality model applies to the welfare of farm
animals. Historically, farm animals have been held as
chattel ... thought of as part of the art of husbandry, the
welfare of farm animals has become a critical area of
livestock production and animal science. The notion of
welfare is derive...
... than lamb
carcasses. At a constant age, Angora carcasses are lighter
and have smaller longissimus muscle areas compared to
BoerÂSpanish carcasses.
[2]
Furthermore, Angora car-
casses have a lower ... associated with
animal waste.
[3]
As a result, potential for fecal adultera-
tion of meats and the possible contamination of water and
food supplies from land application of animal...
... in a box stall and
is fed a minimal amount of hay and maximal amount of
grain. He is turned out (usually alone) into a paddock
(usually grassless) for a variable period of time and ridden
(usually ... bands in
a given geographic area are called a herd. Bands are rarely
larger than 10 adult animals. The band is always together
(always within visual contact), and each horse is...