Handbook of Plant Nutrition - chapter 4 pps

... 84 (8): 62– 74. Wyman, C. E. 20 04. Ethanol fuel. In Encyclopaedia of Energy, ed. C. J. Cleveland, 54 1-5 55. New York: Elsevier.© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC66 Handbook of Plant- Based ... InvestmentPhysical - Mechanical - ++ ++ ++ +Physicochemical - Steam explosion - Ammonia ber explosion (AFEX) - Carbonic acid++ /- ++ ++++++ ++++++ –+Chemical - Dilute acid - Concentrated acid - ... & Francis Group, LLC70 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuelsbiofuels should be developed in a regulated framework. Efforts to set up standards for sustainability of biofuels are in progress, especially...

... molasses. This chapter gives an overview of the status of CONTENTSAbstract 736.1 Introduction 74 6.2 Types of Molasses 74 6.3 General Process for the Production of Ethanol from Molasses 756 .4 Fermentation ... (%) 75.0 77.0 65.0 65.0 73.0Specic Gravity 1 .41 0 .41 1.36 1.32 1 .40 Total Sugars (%) 46 .0 48 .0 45 .0 55.0 50.0Crude Protein (%) 3.0 6.0 4. 0 0.5 0 .4 Nitrogen Free Extract (%) 63.0 62.0 55.0 55.0 ... et al., 1998© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 84 Handbook of Plant- Based BiofuelsTABLE. 6.6Comparison of Batch Fermentation of Molasses with Z. mobilisSubstrateSugar concentration...

... 3.2.1.3)This class of enzymes, also referred to as amylogucosidases or saccharogenic amy-lase (1, 4- - -glucan glucohydrolase), are capable of cleaving both -1 , 6- and -1 , 4- glucosidic linkages. ... linkages (Guzman-Maldonado and Paredas-Lopez 1995; Kuriki and Umanaka 1999).© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC92 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuelsboth the -1 , 4- and -1 ,6-glucosidic bonds ... Starch/Starke 47 (11): 43 9 44 5.Pandey, A. 2003. Solid-state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 13: 81– 84. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC90 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels7....

... secreting α -amylase (0.18 g g-dry cell -1 h -1 ) showed threefold higher specic ethanol production rate than the α-amylase-displaying non-occulent yeast strain (0.06 g g-dry cell -1 h -1 ). ... α-amylase is 10 -6 m which is three orders of magnitude lower than the secreted α-amylase with a diam-eter of 10 -9 m (typical diameter of globular proteins) and the rate of association of ... Group, LLC108 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuelsbiotechnological importance to the outermost glycoprotein layer of the cell wall. In the α-agglutinin system, the C-terminal half of the α-agglutinin...