The grammar of the english verb phrase part 13 ppt
The grammar of the english verb phrase part 10 pptx
... make the situation durative.)One after the other, the ramblers reached the top of the hill. (The idea of repetitionis induced by the plurality of the subject NP and the duration-implying phrase ... ashes.] The fact that the transition cannot form part of the ‘middle part of the situa-tion referred to by the progressive form is due to the fact that the transitionitself is the possible end of ... atelic verb phrases isto try using the gerund form of the verb phrase as direct object of complete orfinish, which refer to the natural point of completion of an action. Only telic verb phrases...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 13 ppt
... a telicVP, but since the progressive form only refers to a portion of the middle part of the actualizing situation, the sentence does not represent the actualization of the situation as bounded, ... for us, the VP will be that part of the predicate constituent that does notcontain optional adverbials (the predicate constituent of a clause being every-thing but the subject noun phrase) . ... run a marathon.)Until a couple of years ago I knew the answer to that question. (L-bounded: the until-adverbial specifies the endpoint of the actualization of the situation.)[Melissa drove,...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 16 ppt
... Apart from the fact that they do not involve a particular inflectionaltense morpheme, the present perfect and the future tense are often excludedfrom the English tense system on the basis of ... relationthey express is or is not that of anteriority. The same is true of the othernonfinite forms, viz. infinitives and gerunds. (In other words, verb forms areonly tense forms if the main verb ... it is doubtful whether either of these observationsnecessarily leads to the claim that there are only two tenses in English. To104 2. Towards a theory of tense and timecase the if-clause is...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 21 ppt
... somemiddle part of the Adv-time.(b) coincidence: the contained orientation time coincides with the Adv-time.In other words, the boundaries of the Adv-time coincide with the bound-aries of the contained ... Thursday.” (The adverbial specifies the time as well as the duration of the predicated situation. Be-cause the adverbial gives the information that is asked for, the Gricean Maxim of Quantity ... stipulates that the duration indicated must be the duration of the full situa-tion. In other words, in this W-bounded reading, the situation time coincides with the time of the full situation.)They were...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 22 pptx
... Paris.]” (The situation time is that part of the time of the speaker’s being in Rennes that coincideswith t0. The adverbial until six indicates the duration of the remaining part Ϫ the part following ... hours’.)2.31.2 There are a couple of cases in which the situation time coincides with the time of the full situation. In these cases a pure duration adverbial measuresnot only the length of the time of the ... nonhomo-geneous and therefore the situation time cannot be a punctual portion of the time of the full situation. Rather, the situation time has the same duration as the time of the full situation....
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 27 ppt
... homogeneous), the pres-ent tense does not say anything about the length of the (actualization of the) full situation in the real world. It can therefore be used irrespective of whether the full situation ... formulaicusage may use the present tense to refer to the reproduction rather than to the original176 3. The absolute use of the present tenseII. The present tense as part of the ‘Special Present ... unmarked ones. The omission of articles (marking defi-nite or indefinite reference) and of the linking verb be forms part of this pro-cess, and so does the use of the present tense when the reference...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 29 ppt
... received, the source of the news (e. g. the telling or the hearing) can be referred to with the help of a verb in the nonprogressive present tense: I hear you’re going to buy a new car.3.12.6 The ... time is punctual is due to the fact that the durative(actualizations of the) situations (of being in the process of a making awheelchair or of being in the habit of using a wheelchair) are ... 2.20).194 4. The absolute past tenseAbstractIn this chapter we continue our description of the meaning and use of the four ‘absolute’ tensesin English, i. e. the tenses that relate the time of the...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 33 ppt
... concern the relation between the time of the ‘full situation’ (see 2.16.1) and t0. Such a temporal W-interpretation de-pends in part on the semantics of the tense (i. e. on the location of the ... and the time of the predicated situation(ϭ situation time). In these examples there is nothing triggering the markedinterpretation that the situation time is only a portion of the time of the ... house? The reason why the time of the full situation is W-interpreted as coincidingwith the situation time is that this is the unmarked kind of containment relationbetween the time of the full...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 41 pptx
... reading)In these examples, the length of the pre-present period is to be inferred from the pragmatics of the context. In the following, it is indicated by the bifunc-tional adverbial for the last ... 276 5. The absolute use of the present perfecton the irritation of being kept waiting, of standing around doing nothing (orrather on the minimal amount of such irritation), whilst the alternative ... muchconcerned with the duration or progressiveness of the situation (or a portion of it) as with the fact that (or the question whether) the situation has actualizedin the relevant period leading...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 52 ppt
... must walk locates the poten-tial (actualization of the) situation of walking in the future.)There is no problem using be going to in the head clause of a conditional sentence if the conditional ... become a name in the academic world.7.13 Constraints on the use of be going to The use of be going to presupposes that all the necessary conditions for the futureactualization of the situation ... expressionwith the same referent). Thus, since in the real world the capital of France and Parishave the same referent, we can replace the former by the latter in The capital of Francehas ten...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 54 ppt
... interpretation of the W-simultaneity is that of inclusion: the situation of Jim being in London temporally included the situation of my seeing him there.8.5 The two ‘time-spheres’In English, the use of ... sleeping for seven hours now only asserts the factual (part of the) full situation, and the duration adverbial indicates the length of this factual part only. That John will probably go on sleeping ... with the time of saying.)John said that at that very moment he {was reading / *read} a book. (The time of saying is much shorter than the time of reading the book. The that-clause is fine inthe...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 73 pptx
... photo of a man in uniform.Raising the lid of the well, she pointed to the green water. The locomotive jumped the rails, narrowly missing a couple of trees near the railway.In these examples, the ... 497 the fact that the two situations do not really overlap but concentrates on the fact that they follow each other closely and that there is some logical relationbetween them. The use of a ... where the expression of a temporalrelation between the two clauses is less important than the expression of the logical link (‘if p, then q’). In such conditional sentences the if-clause is there-fore...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 75 pptx
... T-anterior to the situation time of the matrixclause. There is therefore no expression of the T-relation between the situationtimes of the two subclauses. This means that only the that-clause ... domain, there are sometimes twopossibilities as to the choice of binding time. Compare the following, in which the past perfect forms in the head clauses are the past counterparts of the present ... by the past perfect had spoken. On this reading, the situationtime of the situation of not speaking about the subject is located before the beginning of the post-present habitual situation. The...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 79 ppt
... he presents the contents of the two clauses as forming a unit. The use of the Pseudo-t0-System,which implies that the situation time of the head clause and the situation time of the subclause ... the tense form of the subclause locates the situation time of the subclausein the temporal domain created by the Absolute Future System form in the head clause.10.4.4 It follows that when the ... temporal relation between the situation time of the head clauseand that of the subclause is not expressed by the tense forms: independently of one another, each of the two Absolute Future System...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 91 pptx
... in clauses with temporal adverbials[I don’t think any of the others caused the injury.] I have once before heard of thishappening to a Lionhead belonging to a friend of my son. (www)(g) Once ... support that objective.7. The following are www examples:Martin Sixsmith was trying to approach it [ϭ the question] from the point of view of the Civil Service and he, of course, as we have heard ... him.There haven’t been any burglaries here lately.However, there are cases in which the past tense can be used too. In the nextsubsections we investigate this use for each of the four adverbials.5....
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