... clause: I know designs that we should change.
Another simple way to tell the two uses of that apart is to see if you can replace that with
which. That and which are usually interchangeable in ... snowstorm this weekend?
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94 Noun Phrases
15. The conclusion was that we should stick to our original plan.
16. The kids promised that they
... statement or habitual to indicate a habitual action.
timeless
The grammar of Japanese is very different from the grammar of English.
1. I usually eat lunch in my offi ce.
2. Obama’s speeches ... restaurants have take-out menus.
14. I sneeze whenever I step into bright sunshine.
15. Many Americans spend part of the winter in the Southwest or Florida.
Past tense
The past tense is u...
... decade.
14. The kids laughed uproariously at the cartoons.
15. The spilled milk spread slowly across the fl oor.
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Verb Tenses 147
Future progressive
The ... at my cousin’s house tonight.
It is important to realize that these adverb expressions are not part of the complement. In other
words, these verbs do not require these adverb ex...
... Object ϩ present participle
This type uses a present participle verb phrase (Pres Part VP) as a complement. For example:
Obj Pres Part VP
We watched him fixing his bicycle.
Obj Pres Part VP
She ... hear, see, and watch.
Another common group refers to causation: for example, cause and make. A particularly com-
mon verb in this group is have, which in this context means to “cause someo...
... adverbs that modify verbs.
This chapter is divided into two parts. In the fi rst part, we will discuss how adverbs are
formed. In the second part, we will discuss how adverbs are used.
How adverbs ... substitute it for a present participle verb phrase, the result will always be
ungrammatical. For example:
X it
I saw him working on his report.
The object ϩ present participle complement t...
... ce to get more storage space.
14. The family goes for a drive on nice Sunday afternoons.
15. We got some good news fi nally.
Adverbs categorized by meaning
All adverbs fall into four broad ... afternoon.
14. The dog registered his displeasure by growling at us every time we came near him.
15. We shared a cab this morning because we were all going to the same place.
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... 12:34:20 PM
Sentences
PART 3
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Adverbs 211
14. to get any real compliance seriously You must enforce your policies.
15. to collect antiques ...
afternoon
It rained heavily
in the
mountains
during the
night
due to a
warm front
I found an
apartment for Anne
by
advertising
in the
paper
Sunday
Fred did the dishes
after
breakfast...
... memo.”
Indirect: She said that he/she had made a fool of himself/herself in his/her memo.
Exercise 15. 3
Convert the following direct quotations to indirect quotations.
Sue said, “I am worried about ... We said, “Sam would take care of it.”
Indirect: We said that Sam would take care of it.
Exercise 15. 2
Convert the following direct quotations to indirect quotations. Be sure to use that in...
... receipts over
Exercise 16.27
1. She teaches Chinese students (IO) English as a second language (DO) in Oakland. She teaches
English as a second language to Chinese students in Oakland. 2. Please ... children had been doing extra chores
this week. 4. Charles said that they couldn’t come to their party because his wife was sick.
5. The doctor said that he/she needed to look at his/her/you...
... .
1111
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1211
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
4211
127
S
COTT
: OK, OK. Well . . . we could go to Maria’s party.
J
USTINE
: That’s ... Maria’s parties are
usually pretty useless, aren’t they?
J
USTINE
: True.
Language point 49 – more about state
verbs
In Language point 45 in the last unit we saw that state verbs in...