... the stability of
periodic solutions of first order difference equations lying between lower and upper solutions, J.
Comput. Appl. Math. 176 (2005), no. 1, 45–57.
[4] E.N.Dancer ,Upper and lower stability ... = 0forallξ ∈ V
¯
ξ
.
STABILITY OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF FIRST-ORDER
DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS LYING BETWEEN
LOWER AND UPPER SOLUTIONS
AL...
... theorem of coincidence degree theory 3. The author obtained a
new result for the existence of periodic solutions and investigated the relation between the
existence of periodic solutions and the ... Cao,
1
Zhenlai Han,
1, 2
and Shurong Sun
1, 3
1
School of Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
2
School of Control Science and Engineering, S...
... ∈
C
1
R
2N
× R, R is 2π -periodic for t, and J is the standard symplectic matrix
J
0 −I
N
I
N
0
. 1.6
The 2π -periodic solutions of the problem correspond to the critical points of the
functional
Φ
u
1
2
2π
0
−J ... nequality and condition G
1
and omitted some simple details. Hence
Φu →−∞as u ∈
E ⊕ E
0
and u→∞, by condition G
.
This completes the...
... open
and bounded subset of X
ω
.Furthermore,inviewofLemma 2.2 and Lemma 2.4, L is a
Fredholm mapping of index zero and N is L-compact on Ω. Noting that D>D+4ωM,
318 Periodic solutions of difference ... Theorem 1.1,(1.4)hasapositiveω -periodic
solution.
316 Periodic solutions of difference equations
Noting that Ω is a closed and bounded subset of X
ω
and f is co...
... 3.32
and the results of Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 still hold.
Next, we study the Lyapunov stability of the periodic solutions of 3.32.
Theorem 3.5. Assume that H
4
holds. Then every T -periodic ... solutions of linear and quasilinear neutral functional-differential equations, ”
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 189, no. 2, pp. 378–392, 1995....
... Elaydi, and P. Liu, Periodic solutions of difference equations, ” Journal of Difference Equa-
tions and Applications, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 203–232, 2000.
5 S. Elaydi and S. Zhang, Stability and periodicity ... The Netherlands, 1996.
2 S. S. Cheng, H. J. Li, and W. T. Patula, “Bounded and zero convergent solutions of second-order dif-
ference equations, ” Journal of...
... Elaydi, and P. Liu, Periodic solutions of difference equations, ” Journal of Difference Equa-
tions and Applications, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 203–232, 2000.
5 S. Elaydi and S. Zhang, Stability and periodicity ... The Netherlands, 1996.
2 S. S. Cheng, H. J. Li, and W. T. Patula, “Bounded and zero convergent solutions of second-order dif-
ference equations, ” Journal of...
... Elaydi and S. Zhang, Stability and periodicity of difference equations with finite delay, Funkcialaj
Ekvacioj. Serio Internacia 37 (1994), no. 3, 401–413.
[3]M.I.Gil’ ,Periodic solutions of abstract ... existence of periodic solutions of discrete difference equations, Uzbekski
˘
ı
Matematicheski
˘
ı Zhurnal (1995), no. 3, 88–90 (Russian).
[10] Kh. Turaev, On the existence...
... Graef
For periodic and almost periodic functional difference equations with finite delay, the ex-
istence of periodic and almost periodic solutions is obtained by using stability properties
of a bounded ... purposes and some stability definitions of a bounded solution of (1.1). In
Section 3, we discuss the existence of periodic solutions of (1.1). In Section...
... have periodic solutions of every odd period larger than one.
The results presented in this paper extend previous ones of Etheridge and Rodriguez
[4] who studied the existence of periodic solutions ... (3.55)
190 Periodic solutions of nonlinear second-order difference equations
Solutions of this problem take the form y(t)
= k
1
(−1)
t
+ k
2
(1)t,wherey(0) = y(N)
and...