... binding ofthese cells by activated microglia, known to be present in increased numbers in the PD substantia nigra [3]. C3a, the other major C3 cleavage protein, is an anaphylatoxin,increasing ... T, Riederer P, Inagaki H, Minami M,Nagatsu T: Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, epidermalgrowth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha are ele-vated in the brain from parkinsonian patients. ... consistent stainingof senile plaques in AD hippocampus sections wasobtained with the anti-C9 antibody. (AD brain was the appropriate positive control for these studies becauseC9 staining in substantia...