... enhance, and expedite intra- and inter-firm knowledge manage-ment (Alavi and Leidner, 19 98) . Knowledge management systems (KMS) areintended to help organize, interpret, and make widely accessible ... before decision making, and greater understanding of the business (Leidner and Elam, 1995; Elliott, 1992).Evidence also suggests that EIS allow single- and double-loop learning(Vandenbosch and ... employee/job orientation and open/closed system were more determined by the philosophy of thefounders and senior managers. These latter dimensions might therefore bemore malleable. In considering...