... 181–185.6 Kameda T, Miyazawa K, Mori Y, Yuasa T, ShiokawaM, Nakamaru Y, Mano H, Hakeda Y, Kameda A &Kumegawa M (1996) Vitamin K2 inhibits osteoclasticbone resorption by inducing osteoclast apoptosis.Biochem ... caspase activity assay. MK-4activated caspase assay in a dose-dependent manner(Fig. 2C). By contrast, vitamin K1did not show anyeffects on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation(data not ... isothiocyanate apoptosiskit (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan).DNA fragmentation assayApoptosis was determined using the Cellular DNA Frag-mentation ELISA kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Ger-many)...