... typically low on win-tering areas and declines further in spring, with prevalence rates in ducks of 0.4% in late winter and 0.25% as theyreturn to nesting areas in Canada [1,27]. In contrast, wefound ... co-mingle annually in Alaska, suggests they may be important hosts for the intercontinental transport of these viruses. The prevalence in Charadriiformes (0.45%) in our study is similar to the 0.42% ... Alaskaand our findings of AI virus prevalence by species, loca-tion, age, sex, and date. We discuss our findings of low-pathogenic AI viruses in the context of sources of variation in prevalence...