... theabsence of gender analyses in published literature is striking. There is a growing advocacy for consideration of women in research, in particular in the HIV field, and gender mainstreaming of policies ... despite proven sex and gender differences, women continue to be underrepresented in clinicaltrials, and gender analyses of data continue to be con-spicuous by their absence in published literature.Women ... outcomes. Ensuring parti-cipation of women and other subpopulations, such astransgender, in research, including collection and appro-priate analysis of data, is crucial in drawing accurateconclusions...