Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 5 pdf
Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 5 pdf
... Saf 55 :236–242.© 2009 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)98 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment The chapter includes a critical evaluation of the state of veterinary ... 2004b. Veteri-nary medicines in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 180:1–91.Boxall ABA, Kolpin D, Halling-Sørensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary medicines caus-ing environmental ... Solomon 5. 1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the widespread distribu-tion of low concentrations of veterinary medicine products and other pharmaceu-ticals in the...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 1 pdf
... assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 3) Effects assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 4) Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in the aquatic ... Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Natural Environment 113 5. 5.1 Episodic Exposures 114 5. 5.2 Matrix Effects 114 5. 5.3 Metabolites and Degradates 1 15 5 .5. 4 Mixtures 116 5. 5 .5 Enantiomer-Specic ... environment (Williams 2006). The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment assessed the current state of science in evaluating the potential risks of veterinary medicines to aquatic and...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 2 ppt
... (SETAC)8 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment veterinary medicines. However, taken together these data sets are likely to reect the general picture of usage of veterinary medicines in Europe, ... Chemistry (SETAC)16 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment 2.4 SUMMARY The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the amounts used, animal ... via the use of veterinary medi-cines in pasture-reared animals where residues from medicines will be excreted directly into the environment. Veterinary medicines applied to land by spreading...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 3 ppt
... (SARSS) in 1998. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate is the licensing authority for veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom and runs the SARSS nationally. The SARSS runs parallel to the pharmacovigilance ... renewed. The United Kingdom provides a typical case study of an incident-reporting scheme. The reporting of environmental incidents involving veterinary medi-cines became part of the UK Suspected ... Chemistry (SETAC)28 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment greater than 1 μg L–1. In the terrestrial branch, veterinary medicines that are endo- and ectoparasiticides used in pasture will be...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 4 potx
... 118SulfadimethoxineMin 89Median 144SulfamethoxazoleMinTetracycline 6 0 -5 4-8 Hogs 60 5 — 272 3-6 50 90000Median 420999Trimethoprim 73 8-7 0 -5 Hogs 8 5 168 0-3 990Median 258 9110Tylosin 140 1-6 9-0 Hogs 25 3 ... kg–1)DT50 (d)Sulfachloropyridazine 8 0-3 2-0 Hogs 2010 3.38.11618Median 17 2.8 3 .5 Sulfadiazine 6 8-3 5- 9 Hogs 25 3 61 10.4Sulfamethazine 5 7-6 8-1 HogsMin 46Median 110Sulfathiazole 7 2-1 4-0 ... Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)92 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment Boxall ABA, Kolpin D, Halling-Sørensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary medicines caus-ing environmental risks? Environ Sci...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 6 pot
... determining the inputs and fate of veterinary medicines in the soil environment. Models used for estimating concentrations of veterinary medicines in animal manure and in soil, and the fate ... Veterinary Medicines in the Environment are needed to understand these mechanisms for veterinary medicines, and the VICH guidelines indicate that a case-by-case evaluation has to be conducted. The ... for assessing the fate of veterinary medicines in manure at either the laboratory or eld level exists, and tests in existing pes-ticide or OECD guidelines do not cover these aspects. In many...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 7 pot
... 158 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment ploughing). Contamination by veterinary medicines primarily occurs when manure or slurry from treated animals is removed from conne-ment facilities ... impactEndpoints LC/EC 50 values/NOECThese endpoints are used in the derivation of the PNEC and fed into the risk assessment.NOECThis endpoint is used in the derivation of the PNEC and fed into the ... following:© 2009 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 155 7Assessing the Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the Terrestrial Environment Katie Barrett, Kevin Floate,...
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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 8 (end) potx
... CONCLUSIONS The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment concluded the following:1) The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the ... mixtures of veterinary medicines and mixtures containing veterinary medicines and other contaminant classes.9) There should be development of clear guidance specic to veterinary medicines for ... and the use of veterinary medicines in pasture-reared animals, where pharmaceutical residues will be excreted directly into the environment. Veterinary medicines applied to land by the spreading...
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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 4 pdf
... 0–40 40–67a0– 95 0–98 0–48C1–2.7 15 (–3) –3. 05 (–3) –2.42 (–3) –3 .55 (–3) –1.99 (–2) –4.98 (–3) 5. 52(–3) –6.633(–3)C23.113 ( 5) –2.94 ( 5) –4.6 15 ( 5) 9.63 ( 5) –1.92 ( 5) 3.77 (–6) 1.286 ... be possible in bulk solution studies. Thus, the uncertainties in σ determination by the single-particle levitation experiment lie largely in estimating the product (VdtiK). Taking a typicaldroplet ... 73(4. 15) Upon substituting n from Equation 4. 15 into Equation 4.14, rearranging and integrating the resultingequation from a reference temperature, T*, one obtains(4.16)Since for the most...
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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 5 pot
... In the semi-acid region of Colorado, the pH is constant at 7.30 in the firstpart of a storm and drops to 7.00 in the second part. In Italy, the pH oscillated between 6.4 and 5. 6, indicating the ... will also expand the belt of clouds containing ice north in the southern and south in the northernhemisphere. This in turn will increase daytime global cooling.8 FORMATION OF ICE IN CLOUDSPhase ... evaporates in the presence of ice, resulting in the ice growing. Under suchconditions, the surface temperature of the evaporating water drop decreases and the temperatureof the growing ice surface increases...
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