... integrated tips (Albrecht,1989; Albrecht et al. , 1990; Akamine et al. , 1990; Wolter et al. , 1991) and, on the other hand, to newdetection schemes, in particular to the optical beam deflection method (Meyer ... cantilever is along the y -direction. Therefore, with the opticalbeam deflection method and with appropriate cantilevers it is possible to detect simultaneously lateralforces in both directions parallel ... somefundamental aspects of friction on an atomic scale (Zhong and Tománek, 1990; Tománek et al. , 1991;Colchero and Marti, 1995; Colchero et al. , 1996b; Gyalog et al. , 1995). These models can be consideredan...