... especially the theories and methods embodied in well known texts such as those of Kays and London, Kakac, Shah and Aung (1987), Rohsenow, Hartnett and Ganic (1985), and Kakac, Shah and Bergles (1983). ... operational handling of them is given. Naturally, there is a link between fouling and how to allow for it in design, and some approaches are offered from a consideration of the system design. In ... appendices are included to aid exchanger selectors and users (list of manufacturers), and designers and developers (software organisations, awareness groups and property data). I have drawn heavily...