... University of Iceland. Physics Reports 310 (1999) 1—96 The physics and mathematics of the second law of thermodynamicsElliott H. Lieb, Jakob Yngvason Departments of Physics and Mathematics, ... J. Yngvason / Physics Reports 310 (1999) 1—96 29 THE PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSElliott H. LIEB, Jakob YNGVASON Departments of Physics and Mathematics, Princeton ... concern the continuity of the generalized pressure and the existence of irreversible processes. Given the other axioms, the latter is equivalent toCarathe´ odory’s principle. The comparison hypothesis,...