Forest Management and Climate Change: a literature review pdf

... et al., 2007). Forests and Climate Change Working Paper 10 Forest Management and Climate Change: a literature review 0'(113. Forest management options for climate change ... Europe, China, and some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean e.g. Chile, Uruguay, Cuba and Costa Rica (FAO, 2010). On the other hand, some countries in Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the ... expectations REDD+ has Forests and Climate Change Working Paper 10 Forest Management and Climate Change: a literature review Food and Agriculture Organization...

... in dental and medical edu-cation: the undergraduate applications and those thataim at health-care professionals. In the group ofundergraduate applications, we can distinguish DLthat was introduced ... NH USADistance learning is an apparent alternative to traditionalmethods in education of health care professionals. Non-interac-tive distance learning, interactive courses and virtual learning ... be especially attractiveto certain categories of professionals who are practi-Mattheos et al.cally excluded from access to traditional continuing and postgraduate education due to a variety...

... report has been organized under headings of health and nutrition, sexual awareness and behavior, prostitution and trafficking, sexual violence and sexual abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, abortion, ... SEXUAL AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOR Whereas many aspects of reproductive health discussed in this review are becoming accepted areas for research, sexual awareness and behavior is probably the least ... such as anemia are allowed to grow more serious through lack of adequate care. Table 5: Percentage of pregnant and lactating women with anemia, by age, National Nutrition Survey 1985-87 Age...

... influence air pollution and climate change? (pdf 1 MB) • Jan Willem Erisman, ECN, Netherlands: Nitrogen management as an option for air pollution and climate change abatement (pdf 2 MB) Backgroud ... security and social equity. • Behavioural and demand management measures lead mostly to win-win situations for air pollution and climate change, energy efficiency and fuel mix & quality measures ... Himalayan glacial melt. In SE Asia, air pollution is a serious problem and is currently attracting attention from local people and authorities. Air quality management frameworks are already...

... community. WHAT IS MALADAPTATION?Caring for Climate defines maladaptation as “an action or process that increases vulnera-bility to climate change-related hazards. Maladaptive actions and processes ... Caring for Climate Statement to demonstrate leadership in advanc-ing practical solutions and strategies to address climate change and to help shape the global climate change policy agenda. A ... likely have lower condence in companies that are failing to analyze climate risks and to take proactive action to adapt and manage such risks, and may increase their demands or expectations...

... analysis and provides a brief description of each waste management option addressed and the approach adopted in analysing the principal greenhouse gas impacts.Detailed information on each waste ... thetypes of waste material and the waste management options considered and the climate changeimpacts that have been assessed. The section also provides an overview of how the climate change impacts ... inform waste management policy at the EU level, but only as far asgreenhouse gas impacts are concerned. Waste management has a wide variety of impactson the environment apart from those associated...

... (%)27.114.414.913.516.28.724.115.7Sub-SaharanAfricaEast Asia and PacificSouthAsiaArabStatesLatinAmerica and the CaribbeanWorldChapter3 Water and sanitationaveragedifficultiesexperiencedinAfrica and Asia(figure1).Inmostdevelopingcountries,water and sanitationcrisisisconsideredaboveall, a crisisforthepoor.AlmosttwooutofthreepeoplewholackaccesstocleanwatergloballyhavetosurviveonincomesoflessthanUS$2perday,withoneinthreelivingonlessthanUS$1 a day.Morethan660millionpeoplewholacksanitationliveonlessthanUS$2 a day, and 385millionliveonlessthanUS$1 a day.2Incities,thelackofwaterfordrinking and sanitationlargelyaffectsthepoorwhoareforcedtoliveinsettlementswherewatersupplyisintermittentorunavailable.Thisforcesmanytobuybottledwaterathighrelativecost,placingadditionalfinancialburdenonalreadylimitedincomes.2Inadditiontothissituation,inthe1990s,internationalinitiativesintroducedbytheWorldBank and otherintergovernmentalagenciesadvocatednewformsofwater management encouraginggreaterparticipationfromtheprivatesector.As a consequence,socialtensions and civicmovementsemerged,opposingtheprivatisationofwater and theparticipationoftransnationalbusinessesinits management. OneexampleistheWaterWarinCochabambainBolivia,whereprotestsaroundhighcosts and inadequateserviceledtocivilunrest and demandsfortheprivateoperatortoleave.AnothersimilarexamplecanbefoundinUruguaywherewidespreadprotestledtoparliamentpassinganamendmenttotheconstitutionpreventingfutureprivatesectorparticipationinthewatersector.Nevertheless,thecurrenttrendremainstoward a greaterpresenceoftheprivatesectorintheurban management ofwater, a trendwhichisofconcerntomanycivicinitiativeswhichmaintainthatfairaccesstowatershouldbeconsidered a humanright.Patricia ... %'%%)H]VgZd[idiVaedejaVi^dc-(+(#&(-#-'-#+((#)''#,**#+)(#(HjW"HV]VgVc6[g^XV:Vhi6h^VVcYEVX^[^XHdji]6h^V6gVWHiViZhAVi^c6bZg^XVVcYi]Z8Vg^WWZVcLdgaYHdji]6h^V:Vhi6h^VVcYi]ZEVX^[^X)%+#'HjW"HV]VgVc6[g^XV(&)#%6gVWHiViZh(,#,AVi^c6bZg^XVVcYi]Z8Vg^WWZVc).#)''-#-IdiVa/&#&W^aa^dcTotal: 2.6 billion958.2925.9436.780.1119.4South AsiaEast Asia and the PacificSub-Saharan AfricaArab StatesLatin America and the CaribbeanSource United Nations ... planninghectaresoffarmlandweretransformedintotowns and citiesduring1972–1992 and intheUSAaround400,000hectaresoffarmlandarelosttourbanisationeveryyear.3Clearlythistrendisunsustainable and thedesiretosatiatehumanwants and lifestylesinthisway and atthisrateisfarexceedingthewiseuseofnaturalresources.Ifwearetomanagelandusedevelopmentmoresustainably,itisessentialthatwebetterunderstandthekeydriversforlandusechange.Reasonsunderlyingchangesinland-useareoftenover-simplified and as a consequenceprovide a flawedbasisforenvironmental and developmentpolicy.Itisnotalwayspopulationorpovertyalonethatdriveslandusechangesbutoftenhow a communityrespondstoeconomicopportunities and howsuchresponsesaremediatedbyvariousinstitutionalfactors.Somedriversoperateondifferentspatial and temporalscales, and thismakestheirassessment and management morepractically and politicallycomplex.Forexamplein a countrylikeSouthAfrica,wherethemajorityofthepopulationhavelongbeendeprivedofaccess and rightstoland,changingconceptsofsocialjusticehavebecome a strongdriverwhichcouldhavesignificantimplicationsforfuturechangesinlanduse.However,whileopportunities and constraintsfornewlandusearecreatedbylocalaswellasnationalmarkets and policies,itisoftenglobalforceswhichbecomethemaindeterminantsastheyamplifyorattenuatelocalfactors.Landdegradationproblemsaredirectlyrelatedtolandusepractices,especiallywherecityboundarieshaveextendedintourbansprawltoaccommodatenewhousingdevelopment,industry, and intensiveagriculturalpractices.Therefore a callforinnovativelanduse management and spatialplanningsystemsisparamounttoreversetheunwise and unsustainableuseoflandresources.Bharati Chaturvedi and Theresa SubbanThe2005MillenniumEcosystemsAssessment1statesthatduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,globalecosystemsunderwentgreaterchangesthanatanyothertimeinrecordedhumanhistory.Largelyas a resultofhumanactivity,manyofthesecriticalchangeshaveoccurredas a resultofhumanactivitywhichhasconvertedover24%oftheEarth’sterrestrialsurfaceintocultivatedsystems.Forexample,inthe30yearsafter1950,morelandwasconvertedforgrowingcropsthanintheentireperiod1700–1850.Themassiveurbanpopulationgrowthofthepastfiftyyearshasplacedhugepressuresonecosystemsasthegrowthofcitiesdemandsincreasingquantitiesoflandforindustry,transport and leisureactivitiesacrosstheworld.2InChinaaboutfivemillionItisnotalwayspopulationorpovertyalonethatdriveslandusechangesbutoftenhow a communityrespondstoeconomicopportunities and howsuchresponsesaremediatedbyvariousinstitutionalfactors.Contexteconomic,social and environmentaldevelopmentscenarios.Remotesensingdatacanprovideobjective,exhaustive and consistentinformationwhichisessentialforgeneratingsuchsimulations.Aswithlanduseinformation,inmanydevelopingcountriesavailabilityofsuchdataisoftenlimitedduetoshortagesinthenecessaryskills and capacitytogather and useit.Thisis a particularchallengeatthelocalgovernmentlevelwheremostland management issuesarepracticallyaddressed.Spatialplanningneedstomovebeyondtraditionallanduseplanning and bedeployedas a tooltointegratelandusepolicies.Tocreatesustainablecommunities,wemustmovebeyond a narrow,sectoralapproachtoland management and findnewwaysofthinkingtoensurebetterstakeholdercollaboration,communication,training,knowledge,learning, and waysofworking.Planningpracticesarechanging and cityplanningwithintegratedlanduse and spatialplanswillbepivotalincoordinating,managing and orchestratingchangetocreatesustainablegrowthpathsforcities.Whilsttherehasbeenmuchrecognitionofthenegativeimpactshumanactivityhascausedthroughchangesinlanduse,initiativesdesignedtopreventorslowlanddegradationthroughbetterland management haveoftendemonstratedlittlesuccess.Ifwearetoensuremoresustainablelanduse management and planningtherearestillmanychallengeswhichneedtobeaddressed.Forexample,developmentprioritiesforpoorercountriestendtofocusonwhatareconsideredmorepressingissuessuchasunemployment,loweconomicgrowth,povertyalleviation,provisionofinfrastructure and affordablehousing.As a resultdedicatedeffortstomovetowardsintegratedplanningareoftencompromised.Conventionallanduseplanninghasalsofrequentlyfailedtoproducesubstantialimprovementsinland management ortosatisfythepriorityobjectivesoflandusers.Inrecentyearsplanninghascometobeviewedasjustonestepinthelandresource management process and moreas a mechanismfordecisionsupportthan a technicalevaluationprocedure.Animprovedapproachshouldcallforintegratedplanningtoenablesustainable management oflandresources.Landuseinformationiscriticalformakingwellinformeddecisions and forundertakingstudiestohelpusunderstandissuessuchasfoodsecurity,desertification,landdegradation and climate change.However,manycountriessufferfrom a paucityofsuchlanduseinformation and thequality,availability and applicabilityoflocallyproducedlandusedatacanbeseverelylimited.Sustainableland management alsoincreasinglyrequiresknowledgeoflandusedynamicsovertimeinordertosimulateChallengesPreviouspageLow-rise...

... recto-vaginal examination and inspect the rectal area for trauma, recto-vaginal tears or fistulas, bleeding and discharge” (WHO & UNHCR, 2005). • A statement by Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive ... Women and AIDS in Africa. The ACQUIRE Project’s mandate is to advance and support the use of reproductive health and family planning services, with a focus on facility-based and clinical care. ... places such as Ethiopia (Muleta & Williams, 1999) and India (Sharma, 1991). In the United States, a four-year-old girl acquired traumatic fistula as a result of sexual abuse (Parra & Kellogg,...

... concentration levels of ozone and peroxides on stomata response81Masatoshi Aoki, Merina Azad Shahin, Yun Fan, Takahiro Kurohata, Takeshi Yokoyama, OsamuNinagi, Shiro Hatakeyama, Katsutoshi ... Rinaldi, Silvia R. MachadoSuitability of Caesalpinia echinata L. (brazilwood) as ornamental tree in an urban environment: an integrated approach85Andreas Gruber, Walter Oberhuber, Lisa Walder, ... monitoring and evaluationCorresponding author: Vicent Calatayud (calatayud_viclor@gva.es)117Ľubica Ditmarová (1), Katarína Střelcová (2), Jaroslav Kmeť (2), Rastislav Jakuš (1), Marek Fabrika (2)The...

... of demandWe estimate that Japan has around USD1bn in climate- themed bonds. But Japan plays another important role – as a source of demand for ‘green’ labelled bonds from multilateral development ... global total. France comes in second with 17%. Together, Europe accounts for 67% of the global market, followed by the USA (17%), and Russia, Canada and China all at around 3% each.UKFRANCEUNITED ... STATESSWITZERLANDGERMANYRUSSIACANADACHINATotal Investment Climate- themed Bonds USD Billions4030201006 Bonds and Climate Change www.climatebonds.net June 2012Europe: largest issuanceEurope’s...