... bio-logical associations. For instance, a protein C might be encoded within an organism if, and only if, two other proteins A and B are also both encodedwithin the organism, thus suggesting that gene C ... numerous and can be describedonly briefly here [28]. Basic information metrics for associating data vectors include the Pearson correla-tion coefficient, Euclidean and Hamming distances,mutual information, ... that cannot be detected using traditionalpairwise analysis. In our original manuscript [41], weprovided several examples from basic sugar and aminoacid metabolism. For instance, the interconversionof...