... diagrams by using natural language information. In the PBF, many kinds of information about plants are generally stored in the following media: • picture, • explanation text, and • diagram. ... Semantic Analysis by Integration of Layout Information and Natural Language Information In this section, we describe the process of seman- tic analysis for the PBF diagrams by using the inte- ... tegration of pattern (layout) information and natu- ral language information for semantic understand- ing the PBF diagrams. In this study, for the obser- vation and experiments, we use a PBF (in...