... explicitlysmooth the resulting ps(e|f), since many word pairswill be unseen for a given domain s, we are alreadyperforming an implicit form of smoothing (whencomputing the expected counts), since each docu-ment ... is to increase the likelihood of selecting rele-vant phrases for translation. Matsoukas et al. (2009)introduced assigning a pair of binary features toeach training sentence, indicating sentences’ ... Topicmodeling has received some use in SMT, for in- stance Bilingual LSA adaptation (Tam et al., 2007),and the BiTAM model (Zhao and Xing, 2006),which uses a bilingual topic model for learningalignment....