... established methods of transgenesis such as pronuclear micrinjection. However, despite the above successes and regardless of its potential utility, SMGT has not yet become established as a reliable ... microinjection and successful integration of the transgene sequences, the transgene would be expected to be present in only 50% of the resulting blastomeres. Assuming that in humans, as with mice, 3 blastomeres ... A superficial binding of exogenous DNA to sperm cells would be very unlikely to result in successful transgenesis, given the rigours of fertilisation. Conceptually, therefore, it is necessary...