... written statement, unlike a purely phonetic script, and thereby aid rapid understanding. And naturally, no one can expect to read unedited Japanese texts without a knowledge of kanji. However, ... object particle o ,and the directional particle e (meaning "to"). These words are written ~<t, "t ,and /'\. respectively, and not t?, -h" and 1 as might be ... "party") and their voiced equivalents "dy" and "di," which were once expressed rather unfaithfully by f and ~\. respectively, are now written as :::;-1 and ::;-~....