... complexity of tasks
that spoken dialogue systems are trying to
handle, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has
been increasingly used as a way of au-
tomatically learning the best policy for a
system to make. ... known immediately, in fact,
usually only the final reward is known at the end
of the dialogue. As long as we have a reward func-
tion, Reinforcement Learning allo...
... output by a prob-
abilistic parser trained on Cast3LB. To our knowl-
edge, this paper is the first to describe applying
a data-driven approach to function-tag assignment
to a language other than English.
Our ... complex labels as
atomic categories the number of unique labels in-
creases and parse quality can deteriorate due to
sparse data problems. Secondly, this approach, by...
... information to a classifier, we compared the ac-
curacy achieved in a 10-fold cross validation by
a Na
¨
ıve Bayes classifier (as a standard) on these
data sets against the majority class baseline, ... driving). All fea-
tures are automatically extracted from the XML
log-files (and are available at runtime in ISU-
based dialogue systems). From these features we
want to learn whethe...
... due to
the lack of experts. The exploitation of learning
techniques to support this adaptation task has
attracted the attention of researchers in language
engineering.
However, the adaptation of ... consists of a lexicon
and a grammar. The lexicon is a set of NEs that
are known beforehand and have been classified
into semantic classes. The grammar is used to
recogniz...
... cheaper to collect compared
to labeled data and is often available in large quan-
tities. The use of unlabeled data enables us to ac-
curately estimate the distribution of words in source
and target ... UK
j .a. carroll@
sussex.ac.uk
Abstract
We describe a sentiment classification method
that is applicable when we do not have any la-
beled data for a target domain but have some
l...
... the hand parse), Recall (the percentage
of phrases in the hand parse that are also in the ma-
chine parse), and Precision (the percentage of
phrases in the machine parse that are in the hand ... utilizing hand-bracketed corpora (such
as the University of Pennsylvania Treebank) as a
basis for evaluation metrics have been discussed
in Black et al. (1991), Harrison et al. (1991), an...
... against training data, it not only adapts
to any application domain but. also may avoid over-
fitting to the data. In the late 80s and early 90s, the
induction and parameter estimation of probabilis- ... Research Laboratories
2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-02, Japan.
tNTT Communication Science Laboratories
2-4 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-02, Japan....
... for
Basque
Iñaki Alegria Bertol Arrieta Arantza Diaz de Ilarraza Eli Izagirre Montse Maritxalar
Computer Engineering Faculty. University of the Basque Country.
Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua, ... International Proofing
Tools and Language Technologies. University of
Patras (Greece).
Aranzabe M., Arriola J.M., Díaz de Ilarraza A. 2004.
Towards a Dependency Parser of Basque.
Proceed...
... Cover-
age Asked in the above example); Additional
refers to a level of detail characterized by a one-
paragraph answer (this is the value of Coverage
Would Give in the above example); and Extended
indicates ... traditional QA
research in its use of statistical models to pre-
dict variables that represent a user’s informational
goals. The variables under consideration include...
... words
of detailed, exhaustive annotation in Automatic
Content Extraction (ACE) evaluations
1
) many have
explored bootstrapping relation extraction from a
few (~20) seed instances of a relation. ... is in accordance with DoDI 5230.29, January 8, 2009.
Abstract
As an alternative to requiring substantial su-
pervised relation training data, many have ex-
plored bootstrappi...