Báo cáo khoa học: "Toward Evaluation of Writing Style: Finding Overly Repetitive Word Use in Student Essays" potx

... that students tryto use synonyms in their writing, instead of thesame word, repeatedly. Feedback about word overuse is helpful in terms of getting students torefine the use of vocabulary in ... Toward Evaluation of Writing Style: Finding Overly Repetitive Word Use in Student EssaysJill BursteinMagdalena WolskaEducational Testing ServiceUniversitat des SaarlandesPrinceton, ... of Repetitious Word Use As noted in the Introduction, the identification of good or bad writing style is highly subjective.With regard to word overuse in an essay, what oneperson may find irritating may...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Evaluation of Sentence-Level Fluency Andrew Mutton∗" pdf

... Connexor, the Link Grammar parser returns in- formation about word relationships, forming links,with the proviso that links cannot cross and that in a grammatical sentence all links are indirectly ... wereinterested in the level of agreement of intuitive un-derstanding of ﬂuency. We instructed them also thatthey should evaluate the sentence without consider-ing its content, using Colourless ... were high,as indicated by the maximum, minimum and meanvalues in Table 3, indicating that our assumptionthat humans had an intuitive notion of ﬂuencyand needed only minimal instruction was...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using Longest Common Subsequence and Skip-Bigram Statistics" doc

... Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using Longest Com-mon Subsequence and Skip-Bigram Statistics Chin-Yew Lin and Franz Josef Och Information Sciences Institute University of Southern ... consider word posi-tion, i.e. using bag -of- words instead. Instead of error measures, we can also use accuracy measures that compute similarity between candidate and ref-erence translations in proportion ... during construction of N-best translation lexicons from parallel text. Melamed (1995) used the ratio (LCSR) between the length of the LCS of two words and the length of the longer word of...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Human Evaluation of a German Surface Realisation Ranker" docx

... 6alternative strings. In 70% of all items, the humanjudges chose the same string as the original au-thor. However, the remaining 30% of the time, thehuman judges picked an alternative as being the115Figure ... random, as indicated by 70% of choices being the same string as the original au-thor’s.Figure 6 shows for each bin of possible alterna-tives, the percentage of items with a given num-ber of choices ... they were chosen is given in Table5.(2) DieTheBrandursachecause of firebliebremainedzunächstinitiallyunbekannt.unknown.‘The cause of the fire remained unknown initially.’Alternative...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Ecological Evaluation of Persuasive Messages Using Google AdWords" pdf

... affectivevariations of existing texts alter their persuasive im-pact. In particular we were interested in gaininginitial insights about an intelligent system for affec-tive variations of existing commentaries ... AdWords can be ex-ploited, we focused on how to evaluate lexical varia-tions of a message. In particular we were interested991 in gaining insights about a system for affective varia-tions of ... Italystock@fbk.euAbstract In recent years there has been a growing in- terest in crowdsourcing methodologies to beused in experimental research for NLP tasks. In particular, evaluation of systems and theo-ries...

Báo cáo khoa học: Re-evaluation of the function of the F420dehydrogenase in electron transport ofMethanosarcina mazei potx

... concentrations in the cytoplasm. This fact cannot be explained bytrafﬁcking of premature FpoF intended for binding tothe FpoA–O complex but points to a second function of the soluble form of FpoF that ... (Fig. 2). Inter-estingly, this activity was essentially absent in the cyto-plasmic fraction of the DfpoF mutant.This observation prompted investigation into thefunction of FpoF in more detail. ... available:Fig. S1. SDS ⁄ PAGE of recombinant FpoF.Fig. S2. UV ⁄ Visible spectra of recombinant FpoF.This supplementary material can be found in theonline version of this article.Please note:...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Evaluation of Linguistic Quality in Multi-Document Summarization" pptx

... aspect of linguistic quality separately.3 Indicators of linguistic qualityMultiple factors in uence the linguistic quality of text in general, including: word choice, the ref-erence form of entities, ... performance.Results obtained after excluding each of thecomponents of continuity is shown in Table 4;each line in the table represents Continuity mi-nus a feature subclass. Removing cosine over-lap causes the ... in the input. Sincethe previous sentence in the input text often con-tains the antecedent of pronouns in the currentsentence, if the previous sentence from the inputis also included in the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Evaluation of Chinese Translation Output: Word-Level or Character-Level" doc

... state -of- the-art Chinese word segmenters achieve high accuracy, some errors still remain. Instead of segmenting a Chinese sentence into words, an alternative is to split a Chinese sentence into ... automatic evaluation of Chinese translation output. Our analysis suggests several key reasons behind this finding. 2 Chinese Translation Evaluation Automatic MT evaluation aims at formulating au-tomatic ... deeper linguistic analysis, such as part -of- speech tagging, synonym matching, semantic role labeling, etc. Since part -of- speech tags are only defined for Chinese words and not for Chinese characters,...

Báo cáo khoa học: Re-evaluation of intramolecular long-range electron transfer between tyrosine and tryptophan in lysozymes Evidence for the participation of other residues doc

... bityrosine signal was observed in allpeptides containing tyrosine 23 or 53 but not in peptidescontaining tyrosine 20 alone. According to these results,tyrosines 23 and 53 could be involved in ... 70%) in trifluoroacetic acid over 30 min (at a flow rate of 1.5mLÆmin)1) was used. Detection was at 214 nm. Evaluation of the fraction of dimerized proteins wasachieved by calculation of the ... obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting to theabsorbance data. The numbering of the amino acid residues in each lysozyme protein follows that of the Protein DataBank (PDB) of the Brookhaven...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Theoretical Evaluation of Estimation Methods for Data-Oriented Parsing" pot

... 1998). In this approach the subtrees of thetrees in a tree bank are used as elementary trees of the grammar. In most DOP models the grammarused is an S TSG with, in principle, all subtrees1 of the ... Tree Adjoining Grammars without theadjunction operation.STSGs are the underlying formalism of most in- stantiations of an approach to statistical parsingknown as “Data-Oriented Parsing” (Scha, ... trueweights of the given STSG, and hence the incon-sistency of the estimator with respect to the class of STSGs.Although usually cited as showing the inad-equacy of DOP1, Johnson’s example is in fact2More...

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