... CAPTURING LINGUISTIC GENERALIZATIONS WITH METARULES
IN AN ANNOTATED PHRASE-STRUCTURE GRAMMAR
Kurt Konolige
SRI International =
1. Introduction
Computational models ... difficult to capture linguistic generalizations
within these formalisms. Metarules for transforming one
annotated phrase-structure rule into another must not only
transform the phrase-structure, ......
... results in a smaller and less
overgenerating grammar than standard PCFGs (ca.
3,000 rules when instantiated with the above cate-
gories in sections 02-21, instead of
12,400 in the
original Treebank ... representation (Collins, 1999)).
2 Evaluating a CCG parser
Since CCG produces unary and binary branching
trees with a very fine-grained category set, CCG
Parseval scores cannot be comp...
... the time.
1 Introduction
Incorrect writings in Chinese are related to our under-
standing of the cognitive process of reading Chinese
(e.g., Leck et al., 1995), to our understanding of why
people ... con-
tains pronunciation information about Chinese charac-
ters. In contrast, it might not be easy to find visually
similar Chinese characters with computational meth-
ods. We expanded...
... yeast species in red grow both on rich
and on synthetic minimal medium within
7 days; species in blue grow on rich med-
ium within 7 days and on synthetic minimal
medium enriched with lysine and glutamic
acid ... with N
2
(containing less than 3 p.p.m. O
2
) at a flow
rate of 0.1 LÆmin
)1
per liter of medium, and a stir rate of
500 r.p.m. was maintained. In order to minimize the diff...
... principles of
reasoning with uncertainty: e.g. Connoly (1994)
and Mitkov (1997).
Our system can be included into the first
approach. In these integrated approaches the
semantic and domain ... with discourse
anaphora in unrestricted texts with partial
parsing. It is based on the process of parsing
described in Figure 3. So this process will take
the output of a POS tagging...
... is involved
in defense against transposones and viruses [31–33].
However, there are some problems with inhibition of
viral infections with RNAi. To escape RNAi-mediated
A
23
85
B
C
Fig. 3. Inhibition ... TMV infection in plants inoculated with TMV, catalytic RNA and Pb
2+
, respectively,
as shown in the table, was analyzed using RNA templates isolated from tobacco leaves and prime...
... split
the data into 90% training and 10% testing sets for
5-cross validation. MOCHA and TORGO data are
never combined in a single training set due to dif-
fering EMA recording rates. In all cases, ... pro-
duced within a cube of a known geometry. Tiny
sensors within this field induce small electric cur-
rents whose energy allows the inference of artic-
ulator positions and velocities to wi...
... preproteins
eluted with 250 mm imidazole containing buffer. In
every case, precursor protein was detected in the imid-
azole eluate, indicating a direct interaction with
Toc34DTM. This interaction ... carboxy-terminal amino acids
were deleted but still contained the N-terminal target-
ing signal. PTic22DC imported with an efficiency simi-
lar to the wild-type protein (Fig. 1A, lanes...