... according to age, gender, power, distance of the speakers and the hearers and to the formality of the invitations. Some important factors which emerge from the above reviewed studies inform the present ... 6according to age, gender, power, distance of the speakers and the hearers and to the formality of the invitation.2.3. Interlanguage refusalsStudies on interlanguage refusals can be divided into two ... none of the subjects from the VLE and the NSE groups used DP, IPr, IPh, IOH, IRI, IP and IRQ. The number of the other formulas such as IR, IW, IER and IRQ were similar in the refusals of the...