Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing the WSJ using CCG and Log-Linear Models" pptx

... word of the lex-ical category, f is the lexical category, s is the argu-ment slot, hais the head word of the argument, and l indicates whether the dependency is long-range.For example, the long-range ... and the empirical expected value, of each feature (to calcu-late the gradient); and the value of the likelihoodfunction. For the normal-form model, the empiri-cal expected values and the likelihood ... since these only involve the single gold-standard derivation for each sentence. The expectedvalues can be calculated using the method in Clark and Curran (2003).For the dependency model, the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Comparing the Accuracy of CCG and Penn Treebank Parsers" docx

... accuracy of the CCG parser. Results are calcu-lated using both gold standard and automaticallyassigned POS tags; # is the number of sentencesin the sample, and the % column gives the samplesize ... as a percentage of the whole section.We compare the CCG parser to the Berkeleyparser using the accurate mode of the Berke-ley parser, together with the model supplied with the publicly available ... categories, and combine the trees together in step with the cate-gory combinations in a CCG derivation — in much the same way that an LTAG has elementary treesin the lexicon which are combined using the...

Báo cáo khoa học: " Parsing the Wall Street Journal using a Lexical-Functional Grammar and Discriminative Estimation Techniques" doc

... purposes using the WSJ treebank, the grammar was modiﬁed to parse part of speechtags and labeled bracketing. A stripped down ver-sion of the WSJ treebank was created that usedonly those POS tags and ... grammatical relations. The WSJ la-beled brackets are given LFG lexical entries whichconstrain both the c-structure and the f-structure of the parse. For example, the WSJ s ADJP-PRD la-bel ... bracketing of wsj 1305.mrg is [NP-SBJ Hiscredibility] is/VBZ also [PP-PRD on the line] in the investment community.Some mismatches between the WSJ labeledbracketing and the LFG grammar remain. Theseoften...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing the Internal Structure of Words: A New Paradigm for Chinese Word Segmentation" doc

... standards in the hope of savingsome expensive human labor. We believe the bestsolution to the problem of divergent standards and requirements is to annotate and analyze word struc-tures. Then ... Li, Ri and H are lexicalized nonterminals and H is the head. To generate this constituent, firstP is generated, then the head child H is generatedconditioned on P , and finally each Li and Rjaregenerated ... sentence S and its parse tree T , if wedenote the set of lexicalized phrase structures in Tby C, the set of lexicalized word structures by W, and the set of unknown flat words by F, then the joint...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with Treebank Grammars: Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Structure of the Penn Treebank" ppt

... NN:[2,3])3.1 Time The parser has an theoretical time bound,where is the number of words in the sentence to beparsed, is the number of nonterminal categories in the grammar and is the number of ... arepresent, and greater than 2.0 when they are not. Withunaries, the linear terms in the reduced equation aresigniﬁcant over these sentence lengths and drag down the exponent. The linear terms ... inﬂates the empirical exponents, we turn to the actual traversal counts, which better illuminate the issues at hand. Figures 4 (a) and (b) show the traversalcurves corresponding to the times...

Báo cáo khoa học: "PARSING THE LOB CORPUS" pdf

... varying the queuing placement and the definition of when a parse is finished, the efficiency and accuracy of the parser can be radically altered. The parser orders these new rules and phrases ... " ;The pastry chef placed the pie in the oven." In the figure, items to the left of the vertical line are the phrases and rules popped off the stack. To the right of each item is a ... fires on " ;the& quot;, which is accepted and the rule (DET1 a* 1) is accordingly created and placed on the queue. This rule is then popped off the queue, and ac- cepts the [N 1 2] corresponding...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing the Wall Street Journal with the Inside-Outside Algorithm" potx

... of the available training material ,and evaluate the effect of the training size on the bracketing perform,'mce. Then, we describe a method for reducing the number of parameters in the ... set randomly while maintaining the proper conditions for stochastic context-free grammars. 1 Using the algorithm described in Pereira and Schabes (1992), the current rule probabilities and the ... structures and their distributions. The inferred grammar is evaluated by its predicting power and by comparing the bracketing of held out sentences imposed by the inferred grammar with the par-...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Untangling the Cross-Lingual Link Structure of Wikipedia" pptx

... =1nqˆcf+v∈Sˆc(v, r) (2) The ﬁrst summand accounts for the edges en-tirely within the region, and the second one ac-counts for the edges in C(v, r) to the extent thatthey are within the radius. The deﬁnition ... of the LP. The properties of this algorithmare given by the following two theorems (proofs inAppendix A).Theorem 2. The algorithm yields a valid WDGSsolution (C, U1, . . . , Un).Theorem ... on the commer-cial CPLEX tool to solve the linear programs. Inmost cases, the LP solving took less than a second,however the LP sizes grow exponentially with the number of nodes and hence the...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Understanding the Semantic Structure of Noun Phrase Queries" pptx

... timeIM:Title the godfatherOther the, in, that Other the, in, that Other the, in, thatTable 3: Label sets and their respective query segment examples for the intent class Movie, Job and National ... on the attributes of an intent class.For example, there are two constraints implied in the query “alice in wonderland 2010 cast”: (1) the Title of the movie is “alice in wonderland”; and (2) the ... domains, Movie, Job and National Park, and had them manually anno-tated. The annotation was given on both segmen-tation of the queries and classiﬁcation of the seg-ments according to the label sets...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "REAPING THE BENEFITS OF INTERACTIVE AND SEMANTICS*" pdf

... semantics. ASLC, on the other hand, does not attempt to at- tach the VP to the S until the very end (Fig lb). Thus even the thematic role of the subject NP re- mains unresolved until the very end. ... COMMUNICATE The content of the communication between syntax and semantics is a set of grammatical relations and thematic roles. Syntax talks about the grammatical relations between the parts ... of a phrase is analyzed bottom-up, the phrase is projected up- ward from the leftmost child, and other children of the phrase are projected top-down from the phrase. 310 While LC parsing...

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