...
mechanics of running and maintaining instruments. Designing experiments
and interpreting the results in
a
wider context were primary motives, and the
advent
of
computerized instrumentation ... offers insights for all of them, whether they are mainly
interested in applying statistics (cf. worked examples) or in getting
a
feeling
for the connections and consequences (cf. the cr...
... Cusum-chart showing
a
change in process mean. The base-line average
a
is
the average over the
41
displayed points. The inferred step (intersection of the two linear
regression lines) appears ... more likely, both are effects of
several interacting and unquantifiable factors, say intelligence, upbringing,
and heredity.
The situation in analytical chemistry is wholly differen...
... represents the original object.
Sampling is done with variability within the object in mind. For example,
while collecting samples for determination of Ca
2þ
in a lake, it should be
kept in mind that its ... the point where we
can take an instrument to an object and get all the necessary information.
Although there is much interest in such noninvasive devices, most analysis is
still d...
...
definite integral maps a function /' into a constant while the indefinite inte-
gral maps /' into another function. To solve an indefinite integral one needs
additional information, in ... solution for the indefinite integral f xdx.
Now consider the definite integral f
4
xdx. This is evaluated according to Eq. (1.22)
using any acceptable solution for the indefinite integral....
... subtraction.
7.7 Binning
Pixel binning is a technique used to increase the S/N ratio and, as a corollary,
the dynamic range. It is a specific reading mode of the pixels allowed by the
software: in the binning ... source of information about
commercial instrumentation.
3. OVERALL IMPROVEMENT IN THE DESIGN OF
IMAGING INSTRUMENTS
Until recently, most standard or imaging luminometers were a si...
... altogether.
1.1
Starting Windows
Windows is a so-called graphical user interface, in which many programs,
files, and instructions are shown pictorially, and in which many operations
can be performed by ‘pointing ... on numerical analysis, and it covers such aspects as finding roots and fitting
curves, integrating, differentiating, smoothing, and interpolating data. Numerical solution
of differ...
... provide the only
definitive information as to the degree of risk in man. Since malignant diseases are
clearly of multifactorial origin, their investigation in man has become increasingly
complex, ... home institution, an
investigator may well find himself out in the field wanting to conduct preliminary anal-
yses of his data using just a pocket calculator; hence we have attempted t...
... earlier
than in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.
After the spectacular successes in decrypting rotor enciphering machines such
as ENIGMA, etc., during the Second ... occurrences of s in a bitstring of length n. Take the usual
null hypothesis that the bistring consists of i.i.d. unbiased random bits. By in-
terpreting W (m, n) suitably as a sum of i...