... Thread A gets to the signal first then the value of the semaphorewill be incremented, and when Thread B gets to the wait, it will proceed im-mediately. Either way, the order of a1 and b1 is guaranteed.12 ... many names, but there is a reason for the plurality. increment and decrement describe what the operations do. signal and wait describe what they are often used for. And V and P were the originalnames ... 1000 times in a row, and then crashon the 1001st run, depending on the particular decisions of the scheduler.These kinds of bugs are almost impossible to find by testing; they can onlybe avoided...