... Mcl-1 and A 1), pro-apoptoticproteins (Bax, Bak and Bok) and BH3-only proteins(Bad, Bid, Bik, Blk, Hrk, BNIP3 and BimL). Bcl-2family proteins mostly mediate the activity of otherproteins in the ... phosphorylation of the MAPK family and mitochondrial proteins. Phosphorylated ERK prevents the activation of caspases and the Bcl-2 family, whereas these are activated by phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK, ... mitochondria and then translocate to the nucleus where they induce DNA fragmentation in a caspase-independent manner. Whether apoptosis is inducedor not depends on the activation balance of these proteins....